问题 解答题

根是陆生植物吸水的主要器官,它从土壤中吸收大量的水,满足植物体生长发育的需要.如图是细胞吸水和失水模式图.请回答以下问题:

(1)根吸收水的主要部位是根尖的______ 区.

(2)施肥过多植物会出现“烧苗”现象,其原因是土壤溶液浓度______根细胞细胞液浓度. 

(3)上图中,______ 图表示细胞处于失水状态.

(4)在细胞中,控制细胞内外物质进出的结构是______.

答案

(1)植物吸收水和无机盐的主要器官是根.根尖成熟区,细胞停止伸长,并且开始分化,表皮一部分向外突起形成根毛.有大量的根毛,大大增加了根与土壤中水接触的面积,有利于吸水.而且根尖成熟区及其上根内部一部分细胞分化形成导管,能输导水分和无机盐.因此成熟区是根吸收水分和无机盐的主要部位.

(2)植物细胞吸水和失水的原理是:细胞外部溶液的浓度大于细胞内部浓度时失水,细胞外部溶液的浓度小于细胞内部浓度时吸水.若一次性给农作物施肥过多,会使土壤溶液浓度过高,大于植物细胞溶液的浓度,植物细胞不能吸水,反而会失水,导致植物因失水而萎蔫,造成“烧苗”现象.因此要合理施肥.

(3)上图中,A图细胞壁与细胞膜分离,液泡变小,因此表示细胞处于失水状态.图B细胞壁和细胞膜紧密的贴在一起,液泡大,因此表示细胞吸水.

(4)在细胞中,控制细胞内外物质进出的结构是细胞膜.

故答案为:

(1)成熟;

(2)大于;    

(3)A;    

(4)细胞膜.

完形填空
完形填空。
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