问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文言文《公输》,回答下列各题。

       公输盘为楚造云梯之械,成,将以攻宋。子墨子闻之,起于齐,行十日十夜而至于郢,见公输盘。

       公输盘曰:“夫子何命焉为?”  

       子墨子曰:“北方有侮臣者,愿借子杀之。”  

       公输盘不说。 

       子墨子曰:“请献十金。”  

       公输盘曰:“吾义固不杀人。”  

       子墨子起,再拜,曰:“请说之。吾从北方闻子为梯,将以攻宋。宋何罪之有?荆国有余于地,而不足于民。杀所不足而争所有余,不可谓智。宋无罪而攻之,不可谓仁。知而不争,不可谓忠。争而不得,不可谓强。义不杀少而杀众,不可谓知类。”

        ……

        子墨子见王,曰:“今有人于此,舍其文轩,邻有敝舆而欲窃之;舍其锦绣,邻有短褐而欲窃之;舍其粱肉,邻有糠糟而欲窃之。此为何若人?”

       王曰:“必为有窃疾矣。”

       子墨子曰:“荆之地方五千里,宋之地方五百里,此犹文轩之与敝舆也。荆有云梦,犀兕麋鹿满之,江汉之鱼鳖鼋为天下富,宋所谓无雉兔鲋鱼者也,此犹梁肉之与糠糟也。荆有长松文梓楩楠豫章,宋无长木,此犹锦绣之与短褐也。臣以王吏之攻宋也,为与此同类。”

       王曰:“善哉。虽然,公输盘为我为云梯,必取宋。”

       于是见公输盘。子墨子解带为城,以牒为械,公输盘九设攻城之机变,子墨子九距之。公输盘之攻械尽,子墨子之守圉有余。

        公输盘诎。……

1.找文段中的两个通假字并解释。

     ⑴________通_______,_____________。

     ⑵________通_______,_____________。

2.解释下列画线的字词。

     ⑴借子杀之 (                 )

     ⑵不可谓知类 (                 )

     ⑶不可谓 (                )

     ⑷胡不我于王(                  )

3.翻译下列句子。

     ⑴夫子何命焉为? 

                                                                                                                   

     ⑵虽然,公输盘为我为云梯,必取宋。

                                                                                                                    

4.墨子日夜兼程到达楚国后,先诱使公输盘说出“吾义固不杀人”之后,从“智”、“_____”、“忠”、“强”、“________”(原文词语)五个方面,劝阻公输盘攻宋。墨子说服楚王的过程中运用了_________的方法,“请君入瓮”,让楚王钻入设好的圈套中,用高超的论辩艺术折服楚王。文中墨子连用三个对比,将楚宋两国的物产作了比较,从而类推出楚国攻宋正如自己说的“___________________”。与公输盘展开较量时,文章用“九攻”“九距”点明战斗之激烈,用“_________________”、“________________”交代激战之结果,用___________点明公输盘已经技穷。

5.你认为墨子能说服楚王的原因是什么?结合实际,谈谈如何使别人接受正确意见。 

                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                             

答案

1.⑴“说”通“悦”,高兴 ⑵“距”通“拒”,抵抗 ⑶“圉”通“御”,防守 ⑷“诎”通“屈”,理屈2. ⑴希望  ⑵明白事理  ⑶聪明  ⑷引见

3.⑴译:先生有什么见教呢?;先生想吩咐(我)什么,(叫我)干什么呢?

⑵即使如此,可公输盘给我造好了云梯,一定要攻取宋国。

(意思对即可)

4.仁 知类 比喻说理 必为有窃疾矣 攻械尽 守圉有余   诎(公输盘诎)

5.善于将道义和实力结合。    结合实际谈。

阅读理解

Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English ruler tried to conquer Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English, Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two "Irelands". Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.

In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.

For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people will work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.

The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were "the greatest talkers since the Creeks". Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.

小题1:What does the author tell us in paragraph 1?

A.How the Irish fought against the English.

B.How Ireland gained independence.

C.How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.

D.How two “Irelands” came into being.小题2:We learn from the text that in Ireland________.

A.food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population

B.people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside

C.it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker

D.different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments小题3:The last paragraph is mainly about________.

A.the Irish character

B.Irish culture

C.Irish musical instruments

D.a famous Irish writer小题4:What can be the best title for the text?

A.Life in Ireland

B.A very difficult history

C.Ireland, past and present

D.the independence of Ireland

单项选择题