问题 综合题

(18分)19世纪末以来,国际货币体系大体可分为三个阶段,即金本位制(1815一1914)、布雷顿森林体系(1944——1971)、美元本位制(1971一至今)。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

(l)二战后,美国确立了以自己为主导的资本主义世界经济体系,试简述其确立经过。(4分)

材料一  美元本位制和浮动汇率对美国意味着巨大利益,意味着“超级霸权和超级利益”。戴高乐1965年对美元超级霸权的批评举世知名:“美国享受着美元所创造的超级特权和不流眼泪的赤字。她用一钱不值的废纸去掠夺其他民族的资源和工厂。”……1971年尼克松摧毁布雷顿森林协议、开启浮动汇率体系之后,“超级特权”和“游戏筹码”竞然象天文数字一般倍增!

——(向松祚)《国际货币体系改革:思想和战略》

(2)美元获得“超级霸权”的原因是什么?(4分)“超级霸权”产生了什么影响?(2分)

材料二  每次金融危机必然导致国际货币体系的深刻变革,1930年代大萧条催生布雷顿森林体系,1970年代的汇率动荡和通货膨胀为欧元诞生铺平道路。

——(向松祚)《国际货币体系改革:思想和战略》

(3)简析欧元产生的原因和对世界货币格局的影响。(4分)

材料三   2010年 4月 26日国际在线报道:世界银行发展委员会春季会议 25日通过了发达国家向发展中国家转移投票权的改革方案,发达国家向发展中国家共转移了3.13个百分点的投票权。中国在世行的投票从目前的 2.77%提高到 4.42%,成为世界银行第三大股东国,仅次于美国和日本。美国的表决权变成了15.85%,很显然美国仍然努力保留了否决权。

(4)世行投票权的变化说明了哪些问题?(4分)

答案

(1)1945年成立了国际货币基金组织和国际复兴开发银行(世界银行),1947年成立了关贸总协定。(4分)

(2)美国成为资本主义世界头号强国;掌握了世界大多数黄金储备;美元取得等同黄金的特殊地位(或答美元与黄金挂钩、其他国家货币与美元挂钩)。(答出2点4分)

影响:美国掌握了世界经济命脉;掠夺其他国家的财富;造成了世界金融体系的动荡。(2分)

(3)原因:欧洲经济一体化发展的客观要求;20世纪70年代的汇率动荡和通货膨胀。(2分)

影响:欧元对美元的国际地位将构成有力挑战。(2分)

(4)世界一超多强的格局没有发生根本变化;中国等新兴经济体经济充满活力;世界经济多极化趋势加强。(答出2点4分)

题目分析:(1)本题主要考查学生对二战后美国为首的资本主义世界经济体系的形成过程的掌握。解答时首先要注意时间的限制“二战后”及主导国家的变化:由欧洲国家转变为美国。然后联系二战后成立的重要国际经济组织归纳总结。

(2)本题主要考查学生对二战后美国在资本主义世界霸权地位确立原因的分析与掌握。联系这一时期美国政治、经济、军事的优势地位分析解答前一小问;联系在这一体制下,其他国家在资本主义世界经济体系中的地位分析回答后一小问。如材料“她用一钱不值的废纸去掠夺其他民族的资源和工厂”。

(3)本题主要考查学生对二战后欧洲一体化的认识与理解。首先要注意材料的提示“危机提供了机遇”,每一次危机后所出现的机遇分析回答前一小问。然后联系欧洲一体化的影响分析对世界经济发展尤其是对美国国际经济地位所产生的影响归纳总结。

(4)本题主要考查学生对当今世界经济格局的认识与理解。从材料“中国在世行的投票从目前的 2.77%提高到 4.42%,成为世界银行第三大股东国,仅次于美国和日本。美国的表决权变成了15.85%,很显然美国仍然努力保留了否决权。”可以看到世界银行的投票权发生了变化,但美国仍保留了否决权,说明当今世界经济格局并没有发生根本性的变化,但多极化趋势以不可阻挡。

阅读理解

“Dad,” I say one day …..take a trip. Why don’t you fly and meet me?”

My father had just reired……….. His job filled his day, his thought, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.

My father sees me drfting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure.

He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.

“ What is our first stop?” asks my father.

“What time is it?”

“Still don’t have a watch?”

Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of little boy.

“Unbelievable,” he says, “How was this done?”

A film in the information center shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.

We stare up and I ask myself, Would I ever devote my life to anything?

No directions, …… I always used to hear those words in my father’s voice. Now I hear them in my own.

The next day we’re at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic.

“Did you ever travel with your dad? I ask.

“Only once,” he says. “ I never spoke much with my father. We loved each other---but never said it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.”>

The kast sebtebce----it’s probably the same thing I’s say about my father. And what I’d want my child to say about me.

In Glacier National Park, my father says, “I’ve never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the world, I can keep traveling, I realize--- and maybe a regular job won’t be as dull as I feared.

Weeks after our trip, I call my father.

“The photos from the trip are wonderful,” he says.” We have got to take another trip like that sometime.

I tell him I’ve learn decided to settle down, and I’m wearing a watch.

小题1:We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father _________.

A.followed the fashion

B.got bored with his job

C.was unhappy with……

D.liked the author’s collection of stamps小题2: What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?

A.His father is interested in sculpture

B.His father is as innocent as a little boy

C.He should learn sculpture in the future

D.He should pursue a specific aim in life.小题3:From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author________.

A.wants his children to learn from their grandfather

B.comes to understand what parental love means

C.learns how to communicate with his father

D.hopes to give whatever he can to his father小题4:What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?

A.The call solves their disagreements

B.The Swiss watch has drawn them closer

C.They decide to learn photography together.

D.They begin to change their attitudes to life小题5:What could be the best title for the passage?

A.Love Nature, Love Life

B.A Son Lost in Adventure

C.A Journey with Dad

D.The Art of Travel

单项选择题 B1型题