问题 综合题

【选修2——近代社会的民主思想与实践】

阅读下列材料:

材料一  下面是有关近代法国历史上的两幅图片材料一 下面是有关近代法国历史上的两幅图片

图一

行刑时,乐队奏起来。接着,刽子手把他(路易十六)脸朝下平放在断头台上。神父口中念道:“圣路易的儿子,你升天吧!”铡刀落下,国王转眼身首异处……

图二

当庇护七世在隆重的时刻举起很大的皇冠要给皇帝戴上的时候,拿破仑突然从教皇手里夺过皇冠,自己戴上……

材料二 ……当立法者们图谋破坏人民的财产和贬低他们的地位,使其处于专断权力下的奴役状态时,立法者就使自己和人民处于战争状态。人民因此就无须服从,而只是寻求上帝给予人们抵抗强暴的共同庇护。

——约翰·洛克《政府论》

请回答问题

(1)结合材料一,简要解释“一个戴着王冠的脑袋掉下,一个脑袋上戴上了王冠”的含义。(6分)

(2)根据材料二,概括洛克的基本思想主张,并结合图一所反映相关史实予以说明。思考拿破仑为什么又能够恢复君主专制?这反映了法国民主政治进程有什么历史特点?(10分)

答案

(1)含义:“一个戴着王冠的脑袋掉下”是指路易十六被处死,其封建专制统治被法国大革命推翻;“一个脑袋上戴上了王冠”是指拿破仑登基,他建立了资产阶级君主专制。(6分)

(2)主张:反对君主专制,提倡人民主权。(2分)

说明:路易十六实行专制统治,激起了人民反抗,最终被法国大革命推翻。(2分)

原因:拿破仑个 * * 力的追求;也是法国历史发展的要求和当时社会条件的必然产物。(4分)

特点:曲折性、艰巨性。(2分)

题目分析:(1)“含义”: 此题属于攫取信息题,要从表层信息由此及彼攫取深层次信息 。表层信息:提炼图片及材料信息“路易十六……身首异处” “拿破仑突然从教皇手里夺过皇冠,自己戴上” 既可得出;深层信息:要从当时社会转型角度思考“掉下的是封建的戴着王冠的脑袋”,“ 戴上王冠的是资产阶级脑袋”。

(2)“主张”: 提炼材料信息“立法者们使人民处于专断权力下的奴役状态时,自己和人民处于战争状态,人民因此就无须服从,抵抗强暴”再连所学洛克的主张可得出答案。“相关史实”:联系所学“法国大革命前波旁王朝路易十六实行专制统治,激起了人民反抗”可得出答案,“特点”:要回归材料及问题(1)总结作答。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
    The word "day" has two meanings. When we talk about the number of days in a year, we are using
"day" to mean 24 hours. But when we talk about day and night, we are using "day" to mean the time
between sunrise and sunset. Since the earth looks like a ball, the sun can shine on only half of it at a time.
Always one half of the earth is having day and the other half night. A place is moved from day into night
and from night into day over and over by the spinning (旋转)of the earth. At the equator (赤道) day and
night are sometimes the same length. They are each twelve hours long. The sun rises at 6 o'clock in the
morning and sets at 6 o'clock in the evening. For six months the North Pole is tilted (倾斜) toward the sun.
In those months the Northern Hemisphere (半球) gets more hours of sunlight than the Southern
Hemisphere. Days are longer than nights. South of the equator nights are longer than days. For the other
six months the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. Then the Southern Hemisphere gets more sunlight.
Days are longer than nights. North of the equator nights are longer than days. Winter is the season of long
nights. Summer is the season of long days.
1. A place is moved from day into night and from night into day over and over by _____ of the earth.
[ ]
A. the pushing
B. the pulling
C. the spinning
D. the passing
2. At the equator day is as long as night _____.
[ ]
A. sometimes
B. never
C. usually
D. always
3. When the North Pole is tilted toward the sun, the Northern Hemisphere gets _____ sunlight.
[ ]
A. less
B. more
C. all
D. no
单项选择题