问题 问答题

(7分)金属是一类重要的材料,研究其性质十分必要。

(1)地壳中含量最多的金属元素是         

(2)人们对铝的利用比铜和铁晚。金属大规模开发和利用的先后顺序主要与      (填序号)有关。     

A.金属的活动性       B.金属的导电性      C.金属的导热性

(3)下面是某小组同学对金属镁和铁性质的对比研究。

①在室温条件下进行如右图所示实验。试管内的镁和铁表面均被打磨过,且形状、大小均相同,向两支试管中同时加入相同质量的稀盐酸。

可观察到单位时间内产生气泡多的是    (填“镁”或“铁”),可得出的结论是:金属活动性     >      (填元素符号)。

②已知化学反应一般伴随着能量变化,因此,还可以观察到反应在相同时间内,两支长颈漏斗内的液面高度不同,长颈漏斗内液面上升高的是     (填“镁”或“铁”,下同),由此可得出的结论是:在单位时间内,等质量的镁、铁分别与等质量的盐酸反应放出的热量多的是     

答案

(1)铝(或Al)  

(2)A

(3)①镁  ;   Mg >  Fe;    ② 镁    镁

题目分析:(1)地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铝(或Al)。

(2)人们对铝的利用比铜和铁晚。金属大规模开发和利用的先后顺序主要与金属的活动性有关,选A。     

(3)①由图示可知,观察到单位时间内产生气泡多的是镁,可得出的结论是:金属活动性Mg > Fe;

②还可以观察到反应在相同时间内,两支长颈漏斗内的液面高度不同,长颈漏斗内液面上升高的是镁,由此可得出的结论是:在单位时间内,等质量的镁、铁分别与等质量的盐酸反应放出的热量多的是镁。

点评:本题难度较大,涉及金属活动性和大气压的知识,地壳中元素含量的多少顺序为:氧、硅、铝、铁、钙、钠、钾、镁,地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铝。

金属活动性顺序:K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al、Zn、Fe、Sn、Pb、(H)、Cu、Hg、Ag、Pt、Au。

填空题
阅读理解

A New Zealand volcano dormant for more than a century has erupted,sending up ash clouds,disturbing flights and closing roads.

Mount Tongariro, one of three volcanoes in the centre of the North Island, became active just before midnight local time, with reports of loud explosions,pouting rocks and steam.

The 1, 978m peak is in a national park popular with hikers. No damages have been reported after the eruption.

Witnesses described a dramatic scene as the volcano erupted.

“I saw this beautiful. big cloud and I thought: ‘Gee that looks like a volcanic plume’. Just as I thought that there was a great big orange flash,” truck driver Bryn Rodda told New Zealand National Radio. “It was quite impressive.”

Mount Tongariro last erupted 115 years ago. And scientists said they did not yet know if this eruption was a single event.

Experts said they were caught by surprise—they had recorded some activity like an earthquake in recent weeks but were not expecting an eruption.

“This might just be a quiet period and we should expect it to start again at any time. So we are watching things Very closely,” volcanologist Michael Rosenberg told TVNZ.

Eruption activity has currently reduced, New Zealand media said.Meteorologists(气象学家)said the ash was blowing east towards the Pacific Ocean.

A number of inland flights from the North Island to the South Island had been affected by the volcanic activity, Air New Zealand said.

Police said highways that had been closed because visibility was affected after the eruption are now open.

Some residents in the nearby areas had temporarily left their homes. Officials have not ordered an evacuation(撤离), but advised those affected by the ash cloud to stay indoors and close their doors and windows.

小题1:What effect did the eruption cause?

A.Flood.

B.Road block.

C.Strong wind.

D.Air crash.小题2:What does the underlined word“dormant”in the first paragraph probably mean?

A.Inactive.

B.Movable.

C.Silent.

D.Covered.小题3:Which of the following is true of the passage?

A.Some international flights were cancelled after the eruption.

B.All residents had to move away from their homes after the eruption.

C.Some witnesses thought it was very interesting and attractive.

D.Loud explosions caused great damage to the highways and airports.小题4:What do the experts expect might happen next?

A.Another eruption.

B.An earthquake.

C.Diseases caused by the ashes.

D.An overall evacuation.小题5:Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A.National Park in New Zealand Damaged

B.Nothing Is Impossible.

C.Volcano or Earthquake?

D.Sudden Eruption of a Volcano in New Zealand.