问题 填空题

阅读下面的短文,回答问题:

向天取水

地球上,水的三种状态在不断地相互转化.水的物态变化,形成了海洋、陆地、大气间的水循环.地球上水的储量虽然很多,但是淡水资源非常紧张,仅占全球总水量的百分之二点七.在干旱地区可通过人工降雨的方法向天取水,其中一种人工降雨的方法是把干冰(固态二氧化碳)播撒到冷云中,使其周围环境温度降低,空气中的水蒸气迅速凝结成小水滴或小冰晶,导致降雨.水是生命之源,人类一直重视水资源的利用和保护.建造水库便是重要措施之一.

(1)自然界中水的一个循环包含的物态变化有______.

(2)请根据“干冰降雨”的过程提出一个物理问题并回答.问题:______简答:______.

(3)水库大坝建造成上窄下宽,是由于______.

答案

(1)发生的状态变化有:熔化:冰、雪变成水;凝固:水结冰;汽化:水变成水蒸气;液化:水蒸气变成水;

升华:冰、雪直接变成水蒸气;凝华:水蒸气直接变成小冰晶.

(2)问题:在人工降雨时,干冰发生了什么状态变化?发生了升华现象,升华吸热,使其周围环境温度降低,空气中的水蒸气迅速凝结成小水滴或小冰晶,导致降雨,这样就达到了人工降雨的目的.

(3)水的密度一定,水越深产生的压强越大,为了让水坝能承受更大的水压,建造时做成上窄下宽.

故答案为:(1)汽化、液化、升华、凝华、熔化、凝固;

(2)人工降雨,干冰发生了什么状态变化?升华;

(3)水坝下部受到水的压强比上部大.

阅读理解
Below is some advice on how to prevent colds and flu.
8 Ways to Avoid Colds and Flu
1. Wash your hands and wash them often
The US Naval Health Research Center conducted a study of 40,000 volunteers who were ordered to wash their hands five times a day. The volunteers cut their incidence of flu by 45 percent.
2. Wash your hands twice every time you wash them
Researchers at Columbia University found one hand washing had little effect, even when using antibacterial soap. So wash twice if you’re serious about preventing colds.
3. Change your toothbrush every three months
You think your toothbrush gets your teeth clean — and it does. But once you’ve finished brushing, it can be a breeding ground for germs. Most dentists recommend you change your brush every two or three months. It’s also a good idea to replace it after you’ve had a cold or flu.
4. Sneeze and cough into your arm or tissue (纸巾)
Whoever taught us to cover our mouths when we cough or sneeze got it wrong. That just puts the germs right on our hands, where you can spread them to objects — and other people. Instead, put your arm over your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough if a tissue isn’t handy. It’s pretty rare that you shake someone’s arm, after all.
5. Stop blaming yourself when things go wrong
Believe it or not, blaming yourself makes you more likely to catch a cold! Researchers found that even those who had control over their work were more likely to begin sneezing if they lacked confidence or tended to blame themselves when things went wrong. Such attitudes make people more stressed on the job, and stress, as you know, can challenge your immune system.
6. Once a day, sit in a quiet, dim room, close your eyes, and focus on one word
Meditate (冥想). It is a proven way to reduce stress. Studies have shown that stress weakens your immune system. In fact, people with high stress levels have up to twice the number of colds as non-stressed people.
7. Get moving
Ride a bike, join a dance class, or go for a walk. A study found that older women who did 45 minutes of gentle exercise, five times a week for a year, were up to three times less likely to get a cold than women who took little exercise. The researchers found that the exercisers’ immune system was strongest in the last three months of the study.
8. Leave the windows in your house open a crack
You don’t have to keep all of them open, but one or two in the rooms in which you spend the most time. This is particularly important if you live in a newer home, where fresh circulating air has been the victim of energy efficiency. A bit of fresh air will do wonders for chasing out germs.
 
小题1:To prevent yourself from getting colds, you should wash your hands____.
A.twice every hourB.twice every time
C.five times every hourD.five times every time
小题2:When you cough or sneeze, you should ____.
A.put your hands over your mouth
B.avoid shaking hands with other people
C.cover your mouth with your arm or a tissue
D.keep away from other people
小题3:Your immune system will be weakened if ____.
A.your stress level is high
B.your room is not bright
C.you have control over your work
D.you do not exercise for 45 minutes every day
小题4:If you live in a new house, it is particularly important to ____.
A.leave all the windows open a crack
B.leave only one or two windows open to save energy
C.keep one or two windows open in the rooms where you spend the most time
D.keep all the doors and windows open to let in more fresh air when you are at home
单项选择题