问题 材料题

欧洲中世纪城市的自治与复兴

阅读以下材料,结合材料及所学知识回答。

材料一“中世纪的城市,初期还完全是一个在社会中由农业决定的陌生体,到了中世纪晚期则发展成为一个有自我意识的、最终成为中心生活区域,成为现代社会的一个胚细胞。” —— 汉斯-维尔纳?格茨《欧洲中世纪生活》

材料二  “恰恰因为它们才从头开始,而且处于政治上支离破碎的欧洲而不是坚如磐石的帝国结构中,所以自治市的自由民从一开始就表现出自信和独立。” ——斯塔夫里诺斯

问题:

(1)欧洲中世纪城市复兴的动因是什么?

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(2)如何理解“中世纪的城市……最终成为中心的生活区域,成为现代社会的一个胚细胞。” 

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答案

(1)西欧中世纪生产力的提高和商品经济的发展,经济利益驱使封建领主支持城市复兴,支离破碎的欧洲是城市复兴的客观条件。

(2)城市复兴”最重要的原因是生产力的提高和商品经济的发展;它不仅在封建社会母体中孕育了迥异于庄园经济的新的经济因素,而且催生出了新的经济体制、新的政治体制、新的价值观念和新的文化精神,它在促使欧洲走出中世纪的同时,也促使世界迈向新的时代。自由、平等、公平、公正等思想观念在城市复兴过程中的萌发。

阅读理解

Have you got a Facebook account? Are you thinking of getting one? Jamie Simmonds has just signed up. Let's see how she's getting along.

My Diary

MONDAY: I'm officially a Facebooker. I find a few people I used to know and I've soon got seven friends. I've never felt so popular! I wonder if my old university flatmate Steve is on here…What do you know! He is! Maybe Facebook has its uses.

TUESDAY: I've received lots of nice welcoming messages on my wall. Later, I meet up with Steve for a drink after not seeing him for five years. We get on really well! Then, he uses his Facebook app for iPhone to suggest me as a friend to some other former classmates. Some of them even come to the pub and it's just like old times – possibly a bit too much like old times. During the night, photos are uploaded to Facebook.

WEDNESDAY: Disaster! My mum's on Facebook! Has she seen the photos of me dancing on the table last night? Has she shown them to dad? Oh. And I have a friend request – mum again!

THURSDAY: There's a message from my boyfriend, “so, it's over then, is it?” Obviously I haven't changed my settings to show I'm “in a relationship”, and I haven't even added him as a friend. Ah, well, I wonder what my ex-boyfriend is doing… Whoops! I accidentally type his name into my status box instead of the search  and now every one can see it on their news feed.

FRIDAY: Time to update my status: “Work is boring. Can't wait for the weekend!” Oh, look, I've received a comment! Someone must feel the same way. Lots of my friends now “like” this status.

SATURDAY: Good news! I've got 100 friends. But wait! Someone has “un-friended” me! I look through my “friend list” to try to work out who it was. Why did they do that? Am I really such a terrible person? I never knew Facebook could be this cruel.

SUNDAY: Wake up. Check my Facebook page. Make coffee. Check my Facebook page again. Get ready to leave. Change my mind and check my Facebook page … again. I am becoming addicted to it! I think it's time to end it all before it takes over my life. I delete my account. Back to good, old, simple e-mails. Oh, look, I've got a message: A friend invited you to join Twitter. . .  

In July 2010, Facebook had more than 500 million active users. The average Facebook user has 130 friends. Facebook is translated into more than 70 different languages. The world spends 700 billion minutes a month on Facebook. Facebook creator Mark Zuckerberg's Facebook page says he's a Harvard graduate, even though he actually dropped out to focus on Facebook. The site is valued at between $7.9 and $11 billion.

小题1:Why did Jamie's boyfriend ask her whether she had broken up with him?

A.He had seen photos of Jamie dancing on the table.

B.She showed in her Facebook that she was still not dating anyone.

C.Her boyfriend was angry that she refused to add him as her friend.

D.He saw the name of her ex-boyfriend on his news feed.小题2:Which of the following is expressed in this article?

A.Visiting Facebook website took up a large part of Jamie's time and energy.

B.Jamie is enthusiastic about her present job.

C.Facebook was created by a Harvard graduate, Mark Zuckerberg.

D.Compared with Facebook, Twitter is a better choice for Jamie.小题3:What does the word “un-friend” mean in “Someone has ‘un-friended' me!”?

A.Being unfriendly to others.

B.Having a quarrel with somebody.

C.Removing a name from the friend list.

D.Ending friendship with somebody.小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage ?

A.Steve was Jamie's boyfriend in the university.

B.People all over the world spend 700 billion minutes a week on Facebook.

C.Jamie's mother saw her dancing on the table last night.

D.Jamie felt enthusiastic about Facebook at first.小题5:It can be learned from the passage that the writer's attitude towards Facebook is _________  .

A.subjective

B.objective

C.negative

D.positive

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