问题 综合题

【选修2——近代社会的民主思想与实践】

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 人的自然自由,就是不受人间任何上级权力的约束,不处在人们的意志或立法权之下,只以自然法作为他的准绳。……处在政府之下的人们的自由,应有长期有效的规则作为生活的准绳,这种规则为社会一切成员所共同遵守,并为社会所建立的立法机关所制定。

——洛克《政府论·论奴役》

材料二 土地上所有自然生产的果实和它所养活的兽类,既是自然自发地生产的,就都归人类所共有;……他的身体所从事的劳动和他的双手所进行的工作,我们可以说,是正当地属于他的。只要他使任何东西脱离自然所提供的和那个东西所处的状态,他就已经掺进他的劳动,在这上面掺加他自己所有的某些东西,因而使它成为他的财产。

——洛克《政府论·论财产》

(1)材料一阐述了哪几种“自由”,其含义分别是什么?(6分)

(2)根据材料二,概括洛克的思想主张。综合材料一、二,分析以上思想对资本主义发展的影响。(10分)

答案

(1)“人的自然自由”:自由权是天赋的。(3分)“处在政府之下的人们的自由”:个人自由必须受到法律的制约。(3分)

(2)主张:土地、果实等都是天赋(共有)的;个人有权拥有劳动所得的财产。(4分)

影响:推动法治社会的建立;利于保护私有财产;促进资本主义经济发展;为资产阶级革命提供思想武器。(答三点得6分,其它答案言之成理酌情给分)

题目分析:(1)直接从材料一中可以看出阐述了两种“自由”,即“人的自然自由”和“处在政府之下的人们的自由”,含义依据材料一中“人的自然自由,就是不受人间任何上级权力的约束,不处在人们的意志或立法权之下,只以自然法作为他的准绳”和“在政府之下的人们的自由,应有长期有效的规则作为生活的准绳,这种规则为社会一切成员所共同遵守,并为社会所建立的立法机关所制定”来归纳即可。

(2)第一小问洛克的思想主张依据材料二中“土地上所有自然生产的果实和它所养活的兽类,既是自然自发地生产的,就都归人类所共有”和“他的身体所从事的劳动和他的双手所进行的工作,我们可以说,是正当地属于他的”来归纳即可;第二小问影响从政治、经济、思想等角度来分析归纳即可,如推动法治社会的建立,促进资本主义经济发展,为资产阶级革命提供思想武器。

阅读理解

Traditional fairytales are being abandoned by parents because they are too horrible for their young children, a study found.

Research revealed one in five parents dislike old classics such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarves and Rapunzel and are in favor of more modern books. One third of parents said their children have been left in tears after hearing the horrible details of Little Red Riding Hood. And nearly half of mothers and fathers refuse to read Rumplestiltskin to their kids as the themes of the story are about kidnapping and crimes. Similarly, Goldilocks and the Three Bears was also a tale likely to be left on the book shelf as parents felt it forgives stealing.

The survey of 2,000 adults was conducted to mark the launch of the hit US drama GRIMM, which starts tonight at 9pm on Watch, and sees six episodes based on traditional fairytales. The survey found a quarter of parents questioned wouldn’t consider reading a fairytale to their child until they had reached the age of five, as they prompt too many awkward questions from their children.

Steve Hornsey, General Manager of Watch, said: “Bedtime stories are supposed to calm down children and send them off to sleep soundly. But as we see in GRIMM, fairytales can be dark and dramatic tales so it’s understandable that parents worry about reading them to young children.”

“As adults we can see the innocence in fairytales, but a five-year-old child with an over active imagination could take things too seriously. Despite the dark nature of classic fairytales, as we see in GRIMM, good will triumph over evil and there is always a moral to the story.”

The study also found two thirds of mums and dads try to avoid stories which might give their children nightmares.

However, half of parents said traditional tales are more likely to have a strong moral message than a lot of modern kids’ books, such as The Gruffalo, The Hungary Caterpillar and the Mr. Men books.

小题1:Why don’t some parents want to read Rumplestiltskin to their kids?

A.Rumplestiltskin forgives stealing

B.Rumplestiltskin is too difficult

C.Rumplestiltskin is too long

D.Rumplestiltskin may have bad influence on Children小题2:We can learn from paragraph 3 that Grimm is _____.

A.a fairytales book

B.a movie for children

C.a play loved by children

D.a drama based on traditional fairytales小题3:Which of the following may Steve Hornsey agree to?

A.There is a moral to a classic fairytale.

B.Fairytales are dark.

C.Adults take fairytales too seriously.

D.Fairytales are not good for children's sleep.小题4:What’s the author’s attitude towards traditional fairytales?

A.Optimistic

B.Not mentioned

C.Casual

D.Disapproving

判断题