问题 填空题

爱情是什么?爱情是毒药.专家通过研究发现:大脑中心贮藏一种恋爱兴奋剂----多巴胺.当一对男女一见钟情或产生爱慕之情时,多巴胺就源源不断地分泌出来,于是爱情势不可挡地汹涌而出.多巴胺结构如图:

(1)多巴胺分子式:______.

(2)判断多巴胺能发生的化学反应______.

A.加成   B.取代       C.氧化        D.水解

(3)写出与多巴胺互为同分异构体且符合下列条件的物质的结构简式:

(a)属于1、3、5三取代苯        (b)苯环上直接连有一个氨基

(c)分别能与钠和氢氧化钠反应,消耗钠与氢氧化钠的物质的量之比为2:1.______.

(4)多巴胺可由香兰素与硝基甲烷缩合,再经锌汞齐还原水解而得.合成过程表示如下:

Ⅰ、写出下列反应类型:反应①______,反应②______.

Ⅱ、A的结构简式:______.

Ⅲ、写出香兰素与浓溴水反应的化学方程式(醛基不参与反应):______.

答案

(1)由结构简式可知该有机物中含有8个C、11个H、2个O以及1个N,则分子式为C8H11O2N,故答案为:C8H11O2N;

(2)多巴胺中含有酚羟基和氨基,可发生取代和氧化反应,含有苯基,可发生加成反应,不含有能水解的官能团,故答案为:ABC;

(3)分别能与钠和氢氧化钠反应,消耗钠与氢氧化钠的物质的量之比为2:1,说明分子中很有2个-OH,其中1个为酚羟基,结合题目要求可知同分异构体为

故答案为:

(4)由反应②和③可确定A为

Ⅰ.根据官能团的变化可知反应①为加成反应,反应②为消去反应,故答案为:加成反应;消去反应;

Ⅱ.有以上分析可知A为

,故答案为:

Ⅲ、香兰素中含有酚羟基,且只有1个邻位H原子可被取代,则与浓溴水反应的方程式为

故答案为:

阅读理解

             Japanese students work very hard but many are unhappy, because they feel heavy pressures from their parents. Most students are always told to study hard so that they can live a wonderful life. However, many of the students have tried very hard at school but have failed their exams. These students feel sad, and they don't want to go to school anymore. They easily become dropouts (辍学者). Such students may join the groups of trouble-makers and turn to crime (犯罪).

             Though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and it is the teachers' job to help their children. A lot of parents also send their children to other schools in evenings or on weekends, but these only help the students to pass their exams and never teach the students how to understand life and the world.

            Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything, from the students' hair to their clothes and the things in their schoolbags. Many child psychologists now think that the rules are too strict and harmful (有伤害的) to the feelings of the students. Almost 40% of the students said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong, or how to show love for others, even for their parents.    

 根据短文内容,选择最佳选项。

1. Why are many Japanese students unhappy?

A. Because they don't live a rich life.

B. Because they can't afford to pay for their education.

C. Because they feel heavy pressures from their parents.

D. Because they often cause a lot of trouble for their parents.

2. What Japanese students easily become dropouts according to the passage?.

A. The students who do well in their studies and get good grades.

B. The students who fail their exams and feel unhappy at school.

C. The students who are not able to get help from their parents.

D. The students who have classes in evenings or on weekends

3. What do many child psychologists think of the school rules in Japan?

A. Strict.        

B. Really good.

C. Helpful.    

D. Important.

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Most Japanese parents try their best to help their children.

B. Japanese students like to make trouble in and out of school.

C. Almost 40% of the Japanese students learn little about life from their school.  

D. Japanese parents never make their children study hard for a wonderful future.

5. Which of the following is the BEST title for the passage?

A. Education in Japan

B. Japanese under pressure

C. Trouble in Japan  

D. Pressures of being a student in Japan

名词解释