问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面选段,回答问题。

  孔子登东山而小鲁,登泰山而小天下。故观于海者难为水,游于圣人之门者难为言。观水有术,必观其澜。日月有明,容光必照焉。流水之为物也,不盈科不行;君子之志于道也,不成章不达。——《孟子·尽心上》

  子曰:譬如为山,未成一篑,止,吾止也;譬如平地,虽覆一篑,进,吾往也。——《论语·子罕》

  【注释】篑(kuì),土筐。

(1)下列对选段内容的理解,不正确的—项是[ ]

A.孟子认为领略过大海的人很难再对其他水产生兴趣,在圣人门下学习的人,也难以被别的观点左右。 B.孟子提醒为学之人,要学习大海的波澜壮阔;不能事无大小,巨细无遗,像日月之光那样连细小的缝隙都要照到。

C.孟子以流水“不盈科不行”为喻,说明为学要脚踏实地,循序渐进,只有学识积累到一定程度,才能达到更高的水准和境界。

D.孔子用堆土成山的比喻告诉我们,无论道德、学问或事业追求上,是进是止,关键都在自己,而不在别人或环境。

(2)请指出上述两个语段蕴含的有关学习的道理。

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答案

(1)B

(2)①“登东山而小鲁,登泰山而小天下”,说明达到较高的水准和境界,眼界自然就开阔了,为学之人立志要高远,要不断提高自己的水准和境界。

  ②“不盈科不行”,说明为学要脚踏实地,循序渐进。

  ③“不盈科不行”、“不成章不达”、“ 譬如为山,未成一篑”,说明为学要坚持不懈,不能浅尝辄止,更不能半途而废。

  ④“止,吾止也”、“进,吾往也”,说明为学关键靠自己,而不在别人或环境,学习必须有主动精神,自觉自愿(自强不息)。

  ⑤“观水有术,必观其澜”,说明学习需要讲究方法。(任意答出三点即可)

阅读理解

阅读理解,根据短文内容,回答下列问题。

  Have you ever been to the forest alone or with your friends during your holiday? If you go into the

forest with your friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you

should do.

  Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends-let them find you by staying in one

place. There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal

(信号) by shouting or whistling(吹口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times. Any signal

given threetimes is a call for help.

  Keep up the shouting or whistling, always three times together. When people hear you, they will

know that you are not just making noise for fun. Theywill let you know that they have heard your signal.

They will give two shouts, two whistles or two gun shots(枪声). When someone gives such a signal, it is an

answer to a call for help.

  If you don't think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branche

(树枝). Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grasses. What should you do if you get hungry or need

drinking water? You would have to leave your little branch house to look for a river. Don't just walk away.

Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back.

1. If you get lost in the forest, you'd better              .

A. try your best to find the right way out

B. walk around and try to find somebody else

C. stay in one place to wait somebody for help

D. stay in one place and give signals for help

2. You keep up the shouting or whistling three times together              .

A. to make sure someone else could hear you

B. because you can let others follow you

C. to let people believe that you need help

D. because it is an answer to a call for help

3. If you want to help the people who lost in the forest when you              , you should give two shouts,

two whistles or two gun shots for answer.

A. try to find them as soon as possible

B. hear three shouts or whistles

C. give three shouts or whistles as an answer

D. shout first then whistle and shoot at last

4. If you are not sure that you can get help before night comes, you should             

A. make a little house to stay

B. try to find something to eat

C. make a soft bed with leaves and grass

D. try to find a river to get some water

5. This passage mainly tells us             

A. what to do when you get lost in the forest

B. how to make signals to others in the forest

C. what you should eat while in the forest

D. how to make a simple house in the forest

问答题