问题 填空题

某芳香烃A,分子式为C8H10;某烃类衍生物X,分子式为C15H14O3,能使FeCl3溶液显紫色;J分子内有两个互为对位的取代基.在一定条件下有如下的转化关系:(无机物略去)

(1)属于芳香烃类的A的同分异构体中,其沸点的大小关系为______.(不包括A,用结构简式表示)

(2)J中所含的含氧官能团的名称为______.

(3)E与H反应的化学方程式是______;反应类型是______.

(4)B、C的混合物在NaOH乙醇溶液中加热可以生成同一种有机物I,以I为单体合成的高分子化合物的名称是______.

(5)已知J有多种同分异构体,写出一种符合下列性质的J的同分异构体的结构简式______.

①与FeCl3溶液作用显紫色;

②与新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液作用产生红色沉淀;

③苯环上的一卤代物有2种.

答案

某芳香烃A,分子式为C8H10,可能为乙苯或二甲苯,A与氯气在光照条件下发生取代反应生成两种不同物质B和C,说明A为乙苯,B最终产物H能与NaHCO3溶液反应,说明H具有酸性,则B为

,C为

,E为

,H为

,X分子式为C15H14O3,能使FeCl3溶液显紫色,说明结构中含有酚羟基,水解生成I和E,则X为酯,水解生成羧酸和醇,而E为醇,分子中不含酚羟基,J为酸,分子中含有羧基并有酚羟基,且两个取代基互为对位,结构为

(1)乙苯的同分异构体为二甲苯,有邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯三种,三者的沸点高低顺序为邻二甲苯>间二甲苯>对二甲苯,

故答案为:

(2)J的结构为

,分子中含有酚羟基和羧基,故答案为:(酚)羟基、羧基;

(3)E为

,H为

,二者在浓硫酸作用下加热发生酯化反应生成酯和水,反应方程式为:

故答案为:

;酯化反应(或取代反应);

(4)B、C的混合物在NaOH乙醇溶液中加热可以生成同一种有机物I,I为苯乙烯,发生加聚反应生成聚苯乙烯,故答案为:聚苯乙烯;

(5)J的同分异构体中:

①与FeCl3溶液作用显紫色,说明结构中含有酚羟基;

②与新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液作用产生红色沉淀,说明结构中含有醛基,可以是醛也可以是甲酸酯;

③苯环上的一卤代物有2种,说明苯环结构中只含有两种性质不同的氢原子.

符合条件的有:

,故答案为:

单项选择题

Human relations have commanded people’s attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences.

" Intuitive " knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior whereas in the physical sciences such common sense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our world, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand, if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still " know " how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us: we would still " know " when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the " whys " of much of the self’s behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that " people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology. "

Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations had been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage()

A. Intuition couldn’t explain the motive of one’s behavior

B. Scientific psychology seems to be the most advanced subject

C. The scientific method is difficult to apply to psychology

D. Some believe that the obvious deserves no scientific study

单项选择题