问题 阅读理解与欣赏
阅读下面的文字,完成问题。
  诸葛亮之为相国也,百姓,示仪轨,约官职,从权制,开诚心,布公道;尽忠时者虽仇必赏,犯法怠慢者虽必罚,服罪输情者虽重必释,游辞巧饰者虽轻必戮;善无微而不赏,恶无纤而不贬;庶事精炼,物理其本,循名责实,虚伪不齿;终于邦域之内,咸畏而之,刑政虽峻而无怨者,以其用心平而劝戒明也。可谓识治之良才,管、萧之亚匹矣。然连年动众,未能成功,盖应变将略,非其所长欤!
(节选自陈寿《三国志·诸葛亮传》)
【注释】①仪轨:礼仪法度。②约:省减,简约。③权制:合乎时宜的制度。④服罪输情:认罪并表示悔改。⑤物:指人,百姓。⑥亚匹:同一流人物。亚:同类。
1.判断下列语句中加粗词的解释是否正确。(正确的打”√“,错误的打”ד)
(1)百姓,示仪轨      抚:安抚,抚慰(     )
(2)尽忠时者虽仇必赏    益:利益(     )
(3)犯法怠慢者虽必罚    亲:亲人(     )
(4)终于邦城之内,咸畏而之 爱:爱戴,拥戴(     )
2.下列各组句子中,划线词语的意义和用法不同的一组是(     )
A.诸葛亮为相国也
   予独爱莲出淤泥而不染
B.服罪输情者重必释
   我之死,有子存焉
C.其用心平而劝戒明也
   昭陛下平明之理
D.刑政虽峻无怨者
   鸣之不能通其意
3.请将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
   善无微而不赏,恶无纤而不贬。
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4.作者称赞诸葛亮是”识治之良才“,请结合课文《出师表》加以说明。
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答案

1.(1)√(2)×(3)√(4)√

2.C

3.善的(或:好的)没有(因为)微小而不奖赏;恶的(或:坏的)没有(因为)轻微而不贬黜。

4.示例:《出师表》中诸葛亮请求后主做到广开言路、严明赏罚、任人唯贤(亲贤远佞),充分展示了诸葛亮治国的雄才大略。(意对即可)

阅读理解

阅读理解

     I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I felt in my pockets to see if there were

any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could

hardly get it to my lips. But I had no matches(火柴), they had taken those. I looked through the bars at my jailer (狱卒). He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him: "Have you got a light?" He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. As he came close and lit the cigarette, his eyes

inadvertently(无意)locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don't know why I did that. Perhaps it

was nervousness, perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to

smile. Anyway, I smiled. I know he didn't want to, but my smile leaped (=went) through the bars and

generated a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.  

     I kept smiling at him, now considering him as a person and not just a jailer. "Do you have kids?" he asked. "Yes, here, here." I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled (摸) for the pictures of my family. He,

too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with tears. I said that I was scared that I'd never see my family again, never have the chance to see them

grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently

led me out and set me free.  "My life was saved by a smile." Yes, the smile - the unaffected, unplanned,

natural connection between people. I really believed that if that part of you and that part of me could

recognize (认可) each other, we wouldn't be enemies. We couldn't have hate or scare.

1. The true statement of the following according to the passage is _______

A. when I was smiling to the jailer, he didn't smile.

B. the jailer was moved by what I said about my family and kids.

C. the jailer set me out of the jail as long as I kept silent over it.

D. if we could recognize each other, we must be good friends.

2. Which of the following do you agree with most?  

A. The jailer helped him because he was a friend of the author.

B. If there is understanding there would be no hate or fear.

C. A picture of one's family is helpful in time of trouble.

D. The writer had no chance to see his children again.

3. The underlined word "generated" probably means _______. 

A. produced                  

B. forced                

C. escaped      

D. showed

4. If you are asked to give the passage a title, ______ could be the best of the following. 

A. jailer and a prisoner        

B. The conversation between the souls

C. A friend or an enemy        

D. The power of a smile

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