问题 问答题

试述当代教学的新观念。

答案

参考答案:(1)从重视教师向重视学生转变:随着教育的发展,人们认识到教师并不是支配课堂教学活动的权威,学生虽然是教育对象,但却是学习活动的主体和主人。因此,研究学生身心发展的规律,研究学生在课堂情景中的学习规律,并遵循这些规律组织、安排教学,成为被普遍接受的教学观念和教学行为。
(2)从重视知识传授向重视能力培养转变:当代社会,由于科学技术的飞速发展,知识经验更新加快,重视知识传授的教学观受到了挑战。因此,教学的主要任务不再只是知识的传授,而是学生能力的培养,即着重培养学生学习、掌握和更新知识的能力。
(3)从重视教法向重视学法转变:教学过程实质上应该是学生主动学习的过程,这种认识已被越来越多的人所接受,教学设计的实质是学生学习目标、学习内容、学习方法、学习辅导手段以及学习评价的设计。
(4)从重视认知向重视发展转变:随着社会的发展,人们认识到知识甚至智力并不是影响人生成功与否的重要因素,最重要的因素是人的情感,进而提出了“情感智慧”的新概念。同时在教学中,重视学生身体、认知和情感全面而和谐地发展,成了现代教学观念的基本精神。
(5)从重视结果向重视过程转变:在现代社会,人们意识到教学结果是重要的,但更重要的是教学过程中学生的切身体验,学生的认知体验、情感体验和道德体验等,正是这种体验决定着教学的最终结果。
(6)从重视继承向重视创新转变:在现代社会,人们认为教学的重要功能是创造文化,学生的主要任务就是通过掌握知识经验形成创造文化和创新生活的能力。

阅读理解

Gift Idea

The other day I was shopping for Grandma when I realized I had no gift ideas at all.It was not a birthday gift or anything like that.It was simply sort of a hello gift.That is how we do things in my family.We don't really give gifts for special occasions.Instead, we occasionally just give presents to each other to tell other people that we are thinking about them.

That was why I wanted a gift for Grandma.But it was like my imagination had dried up. I have gone through all of the gift ideas in previous years, fruits, wines, cheeses, little handmade crafts, and anything else that you can give to a grandmother.I had even given her gift watches, and CDs.What else was there?

I have always found gift ideas for men a little bit easier than for women, because for men, you can always get the usual things, such as video games, power tools and things like that.With a woman's gift idea, however, you have to know more about her.You cannot just get someone a book or a CD.You have to know all about her taste in movies, music, and literature.

My grandmother likes to read a lot, but what she likes is always pretty popular.I didn't want to get her a book that she might not like, but I was running out of time.I needed a gift idea for this weekend and went to visit her.After all, I hadn't seen her for a long time.I wanted to give her a gift so she would not feel ignored.

Finally, I came up with the perfect gift idea.I made a collection of all the stories I had written in the past year.It wasn't a typical gift idea like a bunch of flowers, but it really worked in the situation.You see, I am a writer and my grandma has always been my fan.

Anyway, I had been learning about bookbinding recently, and had pretty much mastered the art.I figured that I would add a little bit of handmade artwork to the stories, bind it altogether, and give it to her.It took hours to complete, but it was well worth the effort.She absolutely loved it.

小题1:The writer chose a gift for Grandma to _____.

A.celebrate a special family occasion

B.please her during a weekend visit

C.congratulate her on her birthday

D.beg her pardon for ignoring her小题2:What gift did the writer finally decide to give his grandma?

A.Gift watches.

B.A bunch of flowers.

C.Artwork made by hand.

D.Stories written by himself.小题3:How does the writer feel about giving gifts to women?

A.Interesting.

B.Challenging.

C.Time-wasting.

D.Popular.小题4:We can learn from the passage that ______.

A.the writer is a successful novelist

B.most people are particular about gifts

C.the writer's grandma has a good taste in art

D.the writer's family will give gifts on regular days

单项选择题