问题 口语交际,情景问答题

下面一段文字是介绍心理学上由一个实验得出的著名理论——“破窗理论”,阅读后请回答两个问题。(6分)

美国心理学家詹巴斗曾经做过一个"偷车实验",将两辆一模一样的轿车分别放在一个环境很好的中产阶级社区和环境比较脏乱的贫民区,结果发现贫民区的车很快被偷走了,而另一辆几天后仍然完好无损;如果将中产阶级社区的那辆车的天窗玻璃打破,几个小时后,那辆车也被偷了。后来,在此实验基础上,美国政治学家威尔逊和犯罪学家凯林提出了著名的"破窗理论":如果有人打坏了一栋建筑上的一块玻璃,又没有及时修好,别人就可能受到某些暗示性的纵容,去打碎更多的玻璃。   

(1)请给出一句话结论。(2分)

(2)请列举两点“破窗理论”对我们的启发。(4分)

                                                                

                                                                 

答案

(1) "破窗理论"体现的是细节对人的暗示效果,以及细节对事件结果不容小视的重要作用。(2分)

 (可能有学生会答“环境的作用”,没有涉及关键词“破窗”的寓意,应该不给分)

(2)得到的启发:

一个人给别人留下什么样的印象,取决于他在一些细节上的表现;

随地吐痰,暗示一个人缺乏必要的修养; 

在公共场合大声说话,暗示一个人喜欢表现自己; 

穿什么样的衣服袜子,暗示一个人的品位如何; 

在背后说别人坏话的人,在暗示他(她)不可信任; 

对任何事都怀疑的人,暗示他是一个悲观主义者; 

对任何事都不满的人,暗示他是一个愤世嫉俗者; 

不贪小便宜的人,暗示他很正直……

阅读理解

阅读理解。

      I climbed the ladder, heard my dive announced, and began the moves that would push me into

the air. Pushing off the diving board with my legs, I lifted my arms and shoulders back, and knew

immediately I would be close to the board and might hit my hands. I tried to correct myself as I

turned, spreading my hands wide apart. Then I heard a strange sound and my body lost control.

Moments later I realized I had hit my head on the board.

       At the beginning, I felt embarrassed. I wanted to hide, to get out of the pool without anyone

seeing me. Next I felt intense fear. Had I cut my head? Was I bleeding? Was there blood in the pool?

Swimming to the side, I noticed many shocked faces. People were worried about my head; I was

worried about something far more threatening. An official examined my head. In a hurry, I pushed

him away, and everyone else who approached me. "Don't touch me!" I felt like screaming. "Get away

from me!"

       These were the trials (选拔赛) for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea. Until this dive, I had been

ahead. But now, something else was more significant than winning. I might have endangered other

divers' lives if I had spilled blood in the pool. For what I knew--- that few others knew - was that I

was HIV-positive.

       According to my mother, my natural parents were Samoan (萨摩亚人) and only teenagers when

I was born, so they gave me up for adoption. When I was only eighteen months old, I started gym

classes. At ten, I explored doing gym exercises off the diving board at the pool.

       Because of my dark skin, kids at school called me names. My diving made me feel good about

myself when my peers made me feel stupid. At sixteen, I knew I had a shot at the 1976 Olympics.

       Everyone was alarmed when I hit my head on the board in Seoul. Regardless, I made it to the

finals. During my last dive in the finals, I enjoyed for the last time the quietness underwater and then

swam to the side of the pool. The crowd cheered, and I knew I'd won-two gold medals. AIDS

forced me to stop diving; I had to give up diving professionally after the Olympics.

1. Immediately before he hit his head on the board, the writer ______.

A. climbed the ladder            

B. started the moves that would push him into the air

C. knew he was too close to the board      

D. corrected his actions when he turned

2. The writer pushed away everyone who came near to him because ______.

A. he hated them

B. he was HIV- positive and feared that others would be infected if they touched his bleeding head 

C. he felt embarrassed and wanted to hide without anyone seeing him

D. he felt like screaming

3. The writer's natural parents put him up for adoption because ______.

A. they were too young to raise him    

B. they were too poor to raise him

C. they didn't love him            

D. they were Samoan

4. According to the passage, the writer's diving gave him the sense of being ______.

A. stupid  

B. strong

C. successful

D. lonely

5. After he hit his head on the board at the trails, the writer ______.

A. practiced less                      

B. was scared and gave up diving forever

C. lost the chance to compete at the finals  

D. still got the chance to compete at the finals

多项选择题