问题 问答题

钢铁是使用最多的金属材料.

(1)如图是同学们为探究铁锈蚀条件所设计的一组对比实验装置.调节L端与R端的液面高度一致,塞紧木塞,一周后观察,L端液面高于R端.该实验说明铁锈蚀的条件之一是______.月饼盒里的脱氧剂(主要成分铁粉)就是利用了铁生锈的化学原理.为验证脱氧剂能否继续使用,最简单的物理方法是用______吸引;化学方法是在脱氧剂中加入足量的稀硫酸,写出该反应的化学方程式:______.

(2)利用新技术能将不锈钢加工成柔软的金属丝,用它和棉纤维一起编织成性能优良的劳保防护服,这是利用了不锈钢的耐腐蚀性和良好的______性.

答案

(1)a试管中有水,b试管中没有水,一周后观察,L端液面高于R端,说明a试管中的气体消耗了一部分,进一步说明铁生锈与水有关.

故填:需要水参加.

磁铁能够吸引铁,为验证脱氧剂能否继续使用,最简单的物理方法是用磁铁吸引.

故填:磁铁.

脱氧剂中中的成分可能是铁粉,也可能是铁锈,也可能是铁粉和铁锈的混合物,铁锈的主要成分是氧化铁,氧化铁和稀硫酸反应的化学方程式为:Fe2O3+3H2SO4═Fe2 (SO43+3H2O,

铁粉和稀硫酸反应的化学方程式为:Fe+H2SO4═FeSO4+H2↑.

故填:Fe2O3+3H2SO4═Fe2 (SO43+3H2O;Fe+H2SO4═FeSO4+H2↑.

(2)利用新技术能将不锈钢加工成柔软的金属丝,说明不锈钢具有良好的延展性.

故填:延展.

阅读理解

Man, a land animal. But he is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly two-thirds of the world’s population live within 80 kilometers of the sea coast.

In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of man’s needs.

The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology is big. Oil and gas explorations have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of minerals exist on the ocean floor ready to be mined.

Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish (贝类动物) is an ancient skill practised in the past mainly by Oriental people, including people in China.

Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of energy.

Technology is enabling man to explore ever more deeply under the sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.

The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2020 the problems that prevent us from exploiting(开发) fully the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved.

小题1:The major things that the sea offers man are ______.

A.fish and oil

B.minerals and oil

C.warm temperature and ocean currents

D.the food, energy sources, and minerals小题2:We can conclude from this passage that ______.

A.the sea resources have largely been used up

B.the sea, in the broad sense, has not yet been developed

C.the problems that prevent us from using the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea have already been solved.

D.by the year 2020, the technology will be good enough to exploit all the sea resources小题3:The underlined words “Oriental people” in the fourth paragraph probably mean ______.

   

A.the people in Asia

B.African people

C.European people

D.American people小题4:The best title for this passage is ______.

A.Sea Harvest

B.Sea Food

C.Technology for Exploiting the Sea

D.Man and the Sea

单项选择题