问题 选择题

(1)(4分)下列说法正确的是

A.光子像其他粒子一样,不但具有能量,也具有动量

B.玻尔认为,原子中电子轨道是量子化的,能量也是量子化的

C.将由放射性元素组成的化合物进行高温分解,会改变放射性元素的半衰期

D.原子核的质量大于组成它的核子的质量之和,这个现象叫做质量亏损(2)(8分)云室处在磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中,一静止的质量为M的原子核在云室中发生一次衰变。粒子的质量为m,带电量为q,其运动轨迹在与磁场垂直的平面内。现测得粒子运动的迹道半径为R,试求在衰变过程中的质量亏损。

答案

(1)AB(2)Δm= 

题目分析:(1)A.光子像其他粒子一样,不但具有能量,也具有动量,A正确;

B.玻尔认为,原子中电子轨道是量子化的,能量也是量子化的,B正确;

C.放射性元素的半衰期由物质本身的性质决定,与温度等外界条件无关,C错误‘

D.原子核的质量小于组成它的核子的质量之和,这个现象叫做质量亏损,D错误;

故选AB。

(2)设衰变后粒子的速度大小为v1,生成的新核的速度大小为v2,根据动量守恒定律有,m v1-(M-m) v2=0   

α粒子在磁场中做圆周运动时,洛伦兹力提供向心力

Bq v1 =  

根据爱因斯坦质能方程,在衰变过程中的质量亏损

+ = Δmc2  

联立以上各式,可得Δm= 

点评:本题中原子核的衰变类似于炸弹爆炸,遵守动量守恒和能量守恒.

单项选择题
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Where do you really come from And how did you get (1) where you live today DNA studies suggest that all humans today (2) from a group of African ancestors who—about 60,000 years ago— (3) a remarkable journey.
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