问题 解答题

据如图所示,回答:

(1)科比•布莱恩特(图三)1978年生于美国宾夕法亚州,从一个受精卵到婴儿再到成年时的他,主要是图二中过程[______]______和过程[______]______共同作用的结果.

(2)其肤色是黑色,主要是由图一中的[______]______决定的.

(3)科比之所以具有“绝杀”之技,主要原因是他能很好地调节自己的身体和具有强大的爆发力,那么具有调节功能的结构主要是由图二中的[______]______组成,强大的爆发力主要与图二中的[______]______有关.

(4)科比的身体结构层次是______.

答案

图一是人体细胞的结构,因此最外面是①细胞膜、细胞中央是③细胞核、在细胞核与细胞膜之间是细胞质.图二是细胞分裂和细胞分化图,A过程由一个细胞,变不成2个,由2个变成4个,因此A过程表示细胞分裂;B过程中细胞在形态、结构方面也发生了变化,各自具有了不同的功能,如1由长条状的肌细胞组成,有收缩舒张的功能;2由较多突起的神经细胞,能接受刺激,产生兴奋.因此B过程是细胞分化,形成了不同的组织如1肌肉组织、2神经组织.3上皮组织.

(1)科比•布莱恩特(图三)1978年生于美国宾夕法亚州,从一个受精卵到婴儿再到成年时的他,主要是经过了细胞生长、细胞分裂、细胞分化.图二中过程A主要是细胞数目增多,因此表示细胞分裂.B过程中细胞在形态、结构方面也发生了变化,各自具有了不同的功能如保护、营养、输导等功能,因此是细胞分化.细胞分化从而形成了不同的组织如1肌肉组织(由长条状的肌细胞组成)、2神经组织(神经元由细胞体和突起组成)、3上皮组织(排列紧密)、结缔组织(细胞间质较多).

(2)细胞核是遗传物质储存和复制的场所、生命活动控制中心,是细胞的遗传信息库.因此科比肤色是黑色,主要是由图一中的位于细胞中央的③细胞核决定的.

(3)科比之所以具有“绝杀”之技,主要原因是他能很好地调节自己的身体和具有强大的爆发力,那么具有调节功能的神经系统主要是由图二中的2神经组织组成;强大的爆发力主要与肌肉发达有关,主要由图二中的1肌肉组织有关.

(4)人体的结构层次:细胞→组织→器官→系统→人体.人体结构功能的基本单位是细胞,由细胞分化形成不同的组织,主要有上皮组织、肌肉组织、结缔组织、神经组织4种组织;有不同的组织按照一定的次序构成具有一定功能的器官如大脑主要有神经组织和结缔组织构成;能共同完成一种或几种生理功能的多个器官按照一定的次序联合在一起构成系统.如口、咽、食道、胃、肠、肛门以及肝、胰、唾液腺等器官,按照一定的次序连在一起,共同完成人体消化食物和吸收营养物质的功能,它们构成了消化系统.有八大系统:运动系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、泌尿系统、神经系统、内分泌系统、生殖系统的协调配合使人体成为一个统一的有机整体.因此科比的身体结构层次是由小到大是细胞→组织→器官→系统→人体.故答案为:

(1)[A];细胞分裂;[B];细胞分化;

(2)③;细胞核;

(3)2;神经组织;1;肌肉组织;

(4)细胞→组织→器官→系统→人体.

选择题
单项选择题

Advances in surveillance technology could seriously damage individual privacy unless drastic measures are taken to protect personal data, scientists have said. Richard Thomas, the Information Commissioner, gave warning last year that Britain was "sleepwalking" into a surveillance society. Yesterday the country’s leading engineers developed the theme, fleshing out a dystopian vision that not even George Orwell could have predicted.
They said that travel passes, supermarket loyalty cards and mobile phones could be used to track individuals’ every move. They also predicted that CCTV (close-circuit television) footage could become available for public consumption and that terrorists could hijack the biometric chips in passports and rig them up as a trigger for explosives.
The report by the Royal Academy of Engineering, Dilemmas of Privacy and Surveillance-Challenges of Technological Change, argues that the scientists developing surveillance technology should also think about measures to protect privacy. "Just as security features have been incorporated into car design, privacy-protecting features should be incorporated into the design of products and services that rely on divulging personal information," the report says.
"There is a choice between a Big Brother world where individual privacy is almost extinct and a world where the data are kept by individual organizations or services and kept secret and secure." The report says that shoppers should be allowed to buy goods and services without revealing their identities to the companies that provide them. It argues that travel and supermarket loyalty cards and mobile phones are mines of personal information that should be closely scrutinized to make sure that data is not abused.
Professor Nigel Gilbert, chairman of the report group, said. "In most cases, supermarket loyalty cards will have your name on. Why What is needed in a loyalty card is for the supermarket to know what has been bought so you can get your discounts. "
"Does it need to identify you No, it just needs authentication that you’ve bought the goods. It is the same for Oyster cards on the Tube, some of which you have to register for. These are all apparently small things but people are being required to give away more identification information than is required."
Ian Forbes, the report’s coauthor, said that because footage from CCTV cameras could be digitized and potentially stored for ever, that necessitated greater scrutiny of the controlling networks. Britain has about five million CCTV cameras, one for every 12 people.
The report says: "Give this potential, it cannot be guaranteed that surveillance images will remain private, or will not be altered, misused or manipulated. " The report also gives warning that biometric passports and identity cards would give fresh opportunities to fraudsters and terrorists to read remotely the data chips that they contain. It says that it could be possible to rig a bomb to go off in the presence of a certain person or someone of a particular nationality.
The report proposes that the Information Commissioner should be given extended powers, and that stiffer penalties, including prison sentences, should be introduced for those who misuse personal data. The Commons Home Affairs Select Committee is expected to announce an inquiry into the growing use of surveillance.

According to the report by the Royal Academy of Engineering, ______.

A.privacy-protecting technology should be developed on the basis of surveillance technology

B.technological change can hardly challenge the protection of individual privacy

C.scientists should focus more on the development of products protecting privacy

D.the design of surveillance products should take into account the protection of privacy