问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

关于马兜铃酸肾病,以下说法正确的是()

A.肾功能损害为可逆性

B.肾病理改变为慢性肾小管间质肾病

C.需全程使用激素治疗

D.激素加环磷酰胺治疗

E.与马兜铃使用剂量无关,属致敏反应

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

马兜铃酸肾病肾功能损害进展迅速,表现为"急性"或"快速进展性"肾功能损害,呈不可逆性发展,停药后肾功能仍不能逆转,最终发展为终末期肾衰竭。典型的肾病理为广泛小细胞性肾间质纤维化。早期用血管紧张素转化酶抑制药和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗药以减轻间质纤维化形成,可试用泼尼松。

阅读理解

The choice to adopt and hold gratefulness is the one that is different from those who suffer misfortune and those who enjoy a full life.

My mother died when I was 24. It was a very difficult time in my life - everything seemed to fall apart. I lost my job, and then my utilities were turned off. I had to take cold showers for six months. A neighbor who knew about my situation came to my house and made me an offer. I took care of her children as a job, and I no longer went hungry. I was surprised that someone would trust me-a young woman-with her children. And it was with the very confidence that before long I began taking care of other people's children, too. I have since moved 300 miles from Boise, Idaho. For more than 23 years I have made every effort to reach out to all the kind-hearted people who helped me when I was down and out. Without their trust, I don't know what I would have done. I am very involved in my community and volunteer at the local food bank, and I help out whenever I can. I'd like to owe what I am to whoever has offered me generosity.

If you are grateful for what you already have, the world will work together to give you more to be grateful for. Otherwise, the world will give you more to complain about.

Moreover, the true master learns to be grateful, in advance, for the things that are desired, because, being grateful in advance for some attainment or accomplishment does two very important things: one-it tricks your subconscious(潜意识)into believing that the goal is certain and two…it convinces other people, with whom you must interact to achieve your desires, that you know what you are about, that you are a winner, not a whiner(哀诉者).

65. The underlined "utilities" refers to such things as ______ in the passage.

A. gas and electricity  supplies                      B. water and gas supplies

C. shower equipment and water supply          D. heating and TV signals

66. The writer was grateful mainly for ______.

A. his neighbor's donation                B. his community       

C. having got the job                    D. others' trust

67. The writer's personal story in the second paragraph tells us that ______.

A. to be grateful will get you nowhere but away from home

B. we need to be grateful to be helpful and useful

C. a grateful person is most likely to be successful

D. the fragrance (芳香) stays in the hand that gives the rose

68. The best title for the passage would be ________.

A. A Thank-You Note to Trusting Neighbor   B. You Are a Winner, Not a Whiner

C. Gratefulness Brings a Great Fullness to Life D. Be Grateful to Life in Advance

问答题