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问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

男，出生3天，肛门闭锁，腹胀呕吐，尿液澄清，应做的必需检查（）

A.消化道造影

B.排泄性膀胱 * * 造影

C.静脉肾盂造影

D.腹部立位X线平片

E.倒立侧位X线平片

答案

参考答案：E

解析：倒立侧位X线平片是肛门闭锁的常规检查。在会阴部皮肤凹陷处贴一金属标志物，病儿取侧位，倒置3分钟以便肠管空气抵达直肠盲端。X线管球放在病儿侧方，X线通过股骨大粗隆垂直照射。此种检查可以明确测出直肠盲端的位置，进行肛门闭锁分型。腹部立位X线平片观察有无消化道穿孔。排泄性膀胱 * * 造影检查可以提示有无膀胱输尿管反流，以争取在肾功能受损害前就能矫治畸形。

填空题

Happy 75th Birthday, Social Security


1. On its 75th anniversary Social Security is once again under attack and so are its defenders. Those who would axe benefits are spreading myths designed to make you think there is a looming crisis. Well, it is just not true. The stark reality is that it will be several decades before the program encounters any financial problems. The program’s trust fund will have a ＄4.3 trillion surplus by 2023, and can pay all its obligations for decades to come. And strengthening Social Security is easy—making the very rich pay their fair share by lifting the cap on contributions by the wealthy would allow the program to pay all its obligations indefinitely.
2. Social Security was a centerpiece of FDR(Franklin Delano Roosevelt)’s New Deal reforms that helped this country recover from the Great Depression. These programs provided Americans a measure of dignity and hope and lasting security against the vicissitudes of the market and life. FDR therefore accomplished what the venerable New Deal historian David Kennedy says is the challenge now facing President Obama—a rescue from the current economic crisis which will also make us "more resilient to face those future crises that inevitably await us."
3. This anniversary is also a reminder of how major social reforms in this country have come about—in fits and starts. As former Clinton adviser Paul Begala observed in a Washington Post op-ed, "No self-respecting liberal today would support Franklin Roosevelt’s original Social Security Act... If that version of Social Security were introduced today, progressives like me would call it cramped, parsimonious, mean-spirited and even racist. Perhaps it was all those things. But it was also a start. And for 74 years we have built on that start."
4. Indeed when Social Security was first passed it left out African Americans and migrant workers. It was an imperfect piece of legislation but one that progressives built on to create the program we know today—a program like Medicare—that people feel an emotional connection to and will fight to protect. A new campaign from MoveOn and Campaign for America’s Future will tap into that energy, enlisting candidates to pledge their support to Social Security this election season—opposing any cuts in benefits, including raising the retirement age. And these candidates would be wise to pay attention: A just-released poll shows that 65% of voters reject raising the retirement age to 70. And a separate AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) poll shows the vast majority oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the deficit, and 50% of non-retired adults are willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there when they retire.
5. Progressives can also mark this anniversary by not only rededicating themselves to defending Social Security, but also going on the offensive to expand and improve our social security system to provide economic security for everyone.

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下面a、b两句的意思一样吗？c、d两句呢？根据这些句子，说明“差一点儿……”与“差一点儿没……”这两个格式在用法上的异同。（8分）a、这次考试小王差一点儿及格b、这次考试小王差一点儿没及格。c、下雨路滑，小王差一点儿摔个跟头。d、下雨路滑，小王差一点儿没摔个跟头。
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