问题 材料题

婚姻观念反映社会生活的变迁。阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一:《礼记·典礼》云:男女非有行媒,不相知名;非受币不交不亲,故日月以告君,斋戎以告鬼神,为酒食以召乡党僚友,以厚其别也。

《诗经·齐风·南山》说:艺麻如之何?衡从其亩。娶妻如之何?必告父母。析薪如之何?匪斧不克。娶妻如之?匪媒不得。

材料二:被称为“有学问的革命家”章太炎,在报刊上登载征婚广告,所 * * 条“特征”条件包括:文理通顺可以写短文章;大家闺秀,不染自由之气;有服从性质。辛亥老人回忆湖南的情况时说,“革命后,男女交际自由、结婚自由和男女平等的呼声很高”。湖南女子开始冲破旧礼教的封锁线“要有选择配偶的自由”“自由结婚也不是家长能阻止的了的”。

材料三:他,是山东农村一名普通的小伙子,12年前,他在亚美尼亚务工,博得了医院里一名美丽护士的芳心,两人一见钟情,组成了一个跨国家庭。她,是亚美尼亚首都一家医院的护士,10年前,她放弃了一切,带着一对双胞胎女儿跟着中国丈夫来到了山东农村定居。

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识回答,我国古代婚姻最注重什么?这种婚姻制度有什么特点?

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(2)从材料二中可以看出我国近代婚姻观念发生了哪些变化?章太炎的征婚条件折射出辛亥革命的什么局限性?

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(3)结合材料三回答,新时期我国婚姻观念发生了哪些根本变化?分析出现这些变化的原因。

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答案

(1)我国古代婚姻注重,“父母之命,媒妁之言”。特点:我国古代以聘娶婚为主,这种婚姻是宗法制度下的包办和买卖婚姻,婚姻的成立和解除由家长决定;这种制度下夫妻关系极不平等,夫权至上,女性附属于男性,没有独立人格。

(2)近代我国婚姻观念发生一定的变化,男女交际自由、婚姻自由和男女平等等现象开始出现,但这仅局限在大城市和商品经济发达地区。局限性:辛亥革命只是有利于宣传和利用西方民主政治学说,呼吁革命,而没有彻底批判我国封建思想。

(3)新时期我国婚姻已经彻底打破年龄、财产、门第、种族的界限,出现涉外婚姻,男女双方的结合完全出于自愿。原因:经济全球化使资本、技术、劳动力等在全球范围内加速流动;建国以来我国多次开展思想解放运动;现代教育发展;交通、通讯、网络的发展使人与人之间的交往更加便捷等。

解答题
完形填空

阅读下面的短文,并根据文章后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)

If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you dont feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.

Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates(暗示、表明)that                            . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.”

So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.

Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”

小题1:What is the best title of the passage?  (Please answer within 10 words) 

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小题2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.

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小题3:Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)

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小题4:Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. (Please answer within 30 words)

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小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.   

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