问题 单项选择题

中国本土的户籍制大约始于南北朝时期,当时政府实行户籍登记制主要是为分配土地、征收赋税及摊派徭役提供凭据。新中国成立后,户籍制度逐步发展成为集人中迁移控制和利益资源分配于一体的结构严密且功能强大的系统性政策,以一九五八年颁布的《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》为标志,中国政府开始对人口自由流动实行严格限制和政府管制。该法规确立了以常住人口为主,严格控制人口流动的基本原则,明确地将城乡居民区分为“农业户口”和“非农业户口”两种不同户籍,并规定:“公民由农村迁往城市,必须持有城市劳动部门的录用证明、学校的录取证明,或者城市户口登记机关的准予迁入证明,向常住地户口登记机关申请办理迁出手续。”这种二元结构的封闭式的户籍管理模式构成了世界罕见的城乡壁垒,它在城市与农村、城市与城市之间构成了一道难以逾越的屏障,城市可凭借户籍壁垒构建住房、医疗、教育、养老等一系列排他性的城市福利和保障城市劳动力全面就业的城市就业制度,从这个意义上讲,户口本成为中国人之间身份及待遇差别的一大标志,户籍制度是留在中国人尤其是中国农民身上带有明显歧视色彩的烙印。客观地讲,传统户籍制度对于计划经济背景下维护社会稳定和确保农业的基础地位等,确实起到了“铁篱笆”似的重要作用。然而,随着市场经济的发展,滥觞于农业和计划经济的传统户籍制度已经明显适应不了时代的需要。“铁篱笆”似的户籍制度不仅钳制了人才的自由流动,阻碍了市场对人力资源的有效配置,而且在客观上伤害了一大批民众尤其是广大农民的感情。作为户籍制度配套实施的工农业产品价格上的“剪刀差”制度,在压低农产品价格的基础上提高工业产品的价格。这种“剪刀差”政策无疑为工业化进程注入了动力。毋庸置疑,广大农民为中国工业化的起步及发展作出了难以估量的巨大牺牲。另一方面,由于户籍制度改革的滞后,因生计所迫而大量涌入城市务工经商的农民几乎不可能取得合法的“市民”身份,难以获得与城市居民平等的发展机会及社会地位,甚至连基本的人身安全感都没有,因而这些处于城市边缘的“打工族”对城市生活缺乏认同感和参与感,这在相当程度上窒息了他们投身于城市建设和管理的积极性及创造性。另外,曾几何时“农转非”指标成为权钱交易的资本,有关部门在办理“农转非”时,“走后门”几乎成了公开的秘密,这也在无形中助长了社会的不正之风。一言以蔽之,既失公正又缺效率的传统户籍制度是一项负面效应甚多的壁垒型政策。

对传统的户籍制度已经明显不能适应市场经济的原因,分析不正确的一项是()。

A.处于城市边缘的“打工族”对城市生活没有认同感和参与感,从而窒息了他们投身于城市建设的积极性,创造性

B.户籍制度是农业社会和计划经济的产物,在现有的市场经济制度下,原来生产力和生产关系等都改变了

C.户籍制度钳制了人才的自由流动,阻碍了市场对人力资源的有效配置

D.在市场经济下,“农转非”成为钱权交易的资本,助长了社会不正之风

答案

参考答案:A

阅读理解

阅读理解

     All over the world, children in hospital are being treated with a new kind of medicine:Laughter.Lucy

is 23 and works for Theodora Children's Trust.She is one of many clown (小丑) doctors who bring a

smile to the faces of sick children.

     "I'm a Theodora clown doctor.I call myself Dr Looloo.I spend two days a week in children's hospitals, making funny faces, telling jokes, and doing magic tricks.As I walk into the wards I blow bubbles, shake

hands with the kids, and make up nonsense songs for those children well enough to sing.I take special

balloons to make 'balloon animals' and tell funny stories about them.

      I'm naturally a very cheerful person.I've always been a clown.In fact my father's a clown and I started working with him when I was eight years old.I knew it was just the job for me and I became a clown

doctor because I think it's a great way to cheer up sick, frightened children in hospital.

     Being a clown in hospital is very tiring both physically and emotionally.We have to learn not to show

our feelings, otherwise we'd be useless.Clown doctors are sensitive but this is not a side most people see.

To the children we're happy all the time.I'm still learning to allow myself to feel sad occasionally.There

working with a very sick little girl from Bosnia who speaks no English, so our only common language is

laughter.

     At weekends I participate in events to raise money for Theodora Children's Trust.It's a charity, so

we are paid with the money people give.Being a clown doctor makes the worries of everyday life seem

small.All in all I feel honoured to do this job."

1. Lucy works as a clown doctor because________.

A. her father is a clown

B. she has been a clown since she was eight

C. laughter is a great help to sick children

D. working in hospital brings her extra money

2. What do clown doctors usually do in hospital?

A. Teach kids how to speak English.

B. Cheer kids up with funny stories.

C. Join in activities to raise money.

D. Develop kids' sense of humour.

3. Lucy thinks that being a clown doctor is________.

A. an honourable and meaningful practice

B. an interesting job to make a living

C. a good way of getting rid of her worries

D. an experience of great fun

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