问题 材料题

阅读下列材料回答:

材料一:西晋:公元280年,全国人口有1616万人。据《晋书.地理志上》北宋:公元1110年,全国人口有4673万人。据《宋史.地理志》宋朝十万户以上的城市有40个,汴京、临安、长安、洛阳、南京都是人口超百万的城市,而同时期的欧洲国家3万人的城市就称大城市了。整个宋朝占世界的GDP的80%,这是中国占世界GDP比例最高峰。是中国历史最富有的朝代。

(1)结合所学知识概括,宋代人口增加的主要原因有那些?

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材料二:据《欧洲家庭史》记载,在19世纪的西欧,“父母——子女组合,看起来已是主要的家庭群组。但是当各自走出家外谋生后,所有孩子就离开了父母的家”。同时,“曾有普遍现象的生产性家庭单位现今成为例外了”,“没有生产性职能的家庭便成为一种众多的现象。”

(2)根据这段材料所反映的变化,说明19世纪的西欧社会的家庭发生怎样变化?结合所学知识简要说明其原因 。

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材料三:

不同时段江苏城乡人口增长(%)

(3)根据上表,概括1976到2008年间江苏城乡人口增长趋势,结合所学知识简要说明其原因。

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材料四:中国网消息到2008年,半数以上的世界人口将居住在城镇中,这是有史以来的第一次。到2030年,城市人口将有望达到50亿人,占全世界人口总数的60%。这是27日记者在联合国人口基金所做的《2007年世界人口状况报告》发布会上获悉的。

(4)根据材料指出人口城市化会带来那些问题?谈谈该如何缓解我国城市化中的人口压力?

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答案

(1)经济:农业发展,生产技术提高,耕地面积扩大;市坊破界,商品经济发展,对外贸易繁荣;政治:分裂走向统一集权加强,赋税制度改革;民族融合,文化:传统思想和习惯影响。

(2) 变化:家庭职能、观念变化:生产职能转向非生产职能,年轻人独立意识增强。原因:经济:工业革命推动;政治:代议制度确立发展;思想:启蒙思想的影响等。

(3) 趋势: 90年代后乡村人口规模出现了减少,城镇人口增长势头强劲(城镇人口比重增加或城镇总人口增加)。原因:改革开放以来城市化的影响;经济发展;西方思想观念的影响等;国家政策的调整等。

(4) 问题:城市人口的迅猛增长,城市规模的无限制扩大,环境质量下降;贫富差距、城乡差距拉大;交通拥挤,居住条件差;增加就业困难,失业人数增多,高犯罪率等。解决: 积极发挥政府宏观调控作用,实施计划生育,控制城市人口规模,合理发展中小城市,建立卫星城;建立健全社会保障体系等;提高人口素质等,注意环保。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

      Lots of people make it as their aim to get to the top of Mount Everest. Mark is one of them. The

difference between Mark and other climbers is that he lost both his legs when climbing. New Zealand's

highest mountain, Mount Cook. He was caught in a big ice hole and he had to have his legs cut below the

knees after he was saved. But that couldn't make Mark lose heart, who has become the first person with

man-made legs to reach the top of Mount Everest.

     From the top of the world's highest mountain, Mark called his wife to say he made it. His wife, Anne

got the phone when she was sleeping. She couldn't hear him clearly on the phone. She was unable to say

when he reached the top but thought it was around mid-day. She also said his "legs" didn't work well

sometimes, so her husband was carrying a spare leg and repair tools.

     Mark used to be a mountain guide before his accident. He said it was not important that no one like

him had ever reached the 8850-meter mountain.

     "I'm not doing this to be the first. I have been climbing most of my life and I just feel Mount Everest is

really a great aim. I want to send a message that I can do-anything better."

1. What was the difference between Mark and other climbers?

A. He went mountain-climbing with his wife.

B. He climbed mountains with man-made legs.

C. He was the first to climb Mount Everest.

D. He was the best guide of the world.

2. Mark's wife thought is was ________ on Mount Everest when Mark reached its top.

A. noon

B. morning

C. mid-night

D. evening

3. Which of the following is the correct order in Mark's story?

a. Losing both of his legs.

b. Working as a mountain guide.

c. Falling into an ice hole on Mount Cook.

d. Reaching the top of Mount Everest.

A. c a b d

B. c a d b

C. b c a d

D. b a c d

4. Mark's story makes us believe that he is a ________ man.

A. polite

B. brave

C. kind

D. clever

5. Mark told us that he cared much about ________.

A. being the first

B. climbing higher

C. keeping healthy

D. being a guide

填空题