问题 解答题

2009年3月墨西哥暴发“人感染甲型H1N1流感”疫情,甲型H1N1流感是由甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的呼吸道传染病,该病毒对青壮年攻击性强,引起的主要症状与普通人流感相似,包括发热、咳嗽、喉咙痛、身体疼痛、头痛、发冷和疲劳等,有些还会出现腹泻和呕吐,重者会继发肺炎和呼吸衰竭,甚至死亡.

    甲型H1N1流感的可能传播途径如图.人群间传播主要是以感染者的咳嗽和喷嚏为媒介,在人群密集的环境中更依发生感染,而越来越多证据显示,微量病毒可留在桌面、电话机或其它平面上,再通过手指与眼、鼻、口的接触来传播.

    目前虽尚无疫苗预防甲型H1N1流感,但人感染甲型H1N1流感是可防、可控、可治的.请根据上述资料回答:

    (1)引起甲型H1N1流感的病原体是______.世卫组织预计今年8月份可研制出甲型H1N1流感疫苗,人体接种后可产生相应的______,提高抵抗力.

    (2)图中被甲型H1N1流感病毒传染的环境主要是指______.从传染病流行的三个基本环节来看,受感染的生猪属于______.

    (3)5月份以来,在我国多个省市出现了输入性病例,为了预防感染,就你个人而言应该采取哪些措施进行预防?(要求答出2点)

答案

(1)传染病是由病原体引起的,能够在生物体之间传播的一种疾病,具有传染性和流行性等特点.只有霍乱是由病原体引起的,具有流行性和传染性等特点.引起甲流的是甲型H1N1流感病毒,病毒不能自己生活,必须寄生在其它生物体上,依靠吸取其它生物体上养料来维持生存,故属于寄生生活.

(2)传染病的预防措施包括控制传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感人群等措施.传播途径是指病原体离开传染源到达健康人所经过的途径;易感人群是指对某种病原体缺乏免疫力而容易感染该病的人群.图中被甲型H1N1流感病毒传染的环境主要是接触受感染的生猪.发现甲型H1N1流感患者和疑似病例,应及早应用抗病毒药物,可试用奥司他韦(oseltamivir达菲),如出现细菌感染可使用抗生素,这些措施应属于预防传染病中的控制传染源.病原体侵入人体后,能够刺激淋巴细胞产生一种抵抗该病原体的特殊的蛋白质(抗体),引起人体产生抗体的物质叫做抗原.人体通过淋巴细胞产生抗体是后天获得的,只针对某一特定的病原体起作用,属于特异性免疫.

(3)切断传播途径:①日常生活中注意经常开窗通风;②常对门把手、电话和水龙头等经常接触的物体表面进行清洁消毒;③定期对厨房、抹布等家庭卫生死角进行清洁消毒;

保护易感人群:①养成良好的个人卫生习惯,经常使用肥皂和清水洗手;②佩戴外科标准口罩;注意眨眼充足、勤于锻炼、减少压力、足够营养以提高自身免疫力;③尽量减少前往人群拥挤志气避免接触流感样症状(发热、咳嗽、流涕等)或肺炎等呼吸道病人.

故答案为:(1)甲型H1N1流感病毒;蛋白质外壳和内部的遗传物质;

(2)接触受感染的生猪;易感人群

(3)切断传播途径:①日常生活中注意经常开窗通风;②常对门把手、电话和水龙头等经常接触的物体表面进行清洁消毒;③定期对厨房、抹布等家庭卫生死角进行清洁消毒;

保护易感人群:①养成良好的个人卫生习惯,经常使用肥皂和清水洗手;②佩戴外科标准口罩;注意眨眼充足、勤于锻炼、减少压力、足够营养以提高自身免疫力;③尽量减少前往人群拥挤志气避免接触流感样症状(发热、咳嗽、流涕等)或肺炎等呼吸道病人.

阅读理解

阅读理解

A

At three a.m., Jack Mills was sitting at the controls of the mail train. The train was made up of 13 cars. At the end of the train, 71 mailmen sat sorting the mail. Inside the second car, there were only five mailmen and 128 bags full of five-pound notes. This train had run more than 100 years without being robbed(抢劫). At three minutes past three, Mills and his helper, David Whitby, saw a yellow warning light. They slowed the train, and then stopped. Whitby went to the telephone beside the track. It was out of order. Then he saw a man moving between the second and the third cars. Before Whitby cjould give a warning, he was knocked down by two men. Mills’ cars with all the mailmen had been disconnected by the robbers. At the bridge, the bags of money were unloaded from the train and thrown into waiting trucks. One of the robbers who obviously knew the schedules(时刻表) of all the trains kept looking at his watch. At 3:45 he said, “That will have to be enough.” The robbers drove away with more than 2,500,000 pounds.

1. The robbery took place______.

A. before 3:03                                                 B. in the early morning 

C. after three o’clock in the afternoon         D. after 3:45

2. The robbers_____ before the train stopped.

A. were all in the train                              B. forced Mills to stop the train

C. were waiting for the train to stop            D. ordered Mills to go on driving

3. Why didn’t the other mailmen help the mailmen in the second car when the robbery happened?

A. Because they were busy sorting the mail.

B. Because they didn’t want to help the mailmen in the second car.

C. Because the last eleven cars were separated from the front cars.

D. Because they knew nothing about the robbery.

4. One of the robbers kept looking at his watch because________.

A. he wanted to know the exact time           B. he enjoyed looking at his watch

C. he didn’t know when another train would come

D. they had to leave before another train came

5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The train was out of order.             

B. The telephone was put out of order by the robbers

C. Whitby had an assistant driver.       

D. The robbers carried the money away by truck.

单项选择题