问题 填空题

(12分)前四周期元素X、Y、Z、W核电荷数依次增加,核电荷数之和为58;Y 原子的M层p轨道有3个未成对电子;Z与Y同周期,且在该周期中电负性最大;W原子的L层电子数与最外层电子数之比为4∶1,其d轨道中的电子数与最外层电子数之比为5∶2。

(1)X的元素符号为_______,Z元素位于周期表第_______周期第________族。

(2)Y与X形成共价化合物A,Z与X形成共价化合物B,A与B还原性较强的是________(写分子式)。

(3)Z的最高价氧化物的水化物的化学式为________________。

(4)12.4 g单质Y4与0.3 mol O2在一定条件下恰好完全反应生成0.1 mol化合物C,一个C分子中所含有的键数目为            

(5)含W元素的最高化合价的含氧酸根离子是___________,该含氧酸根离子在分析化学中有重要作用,请写出在酸性条件下该含氧酸根离子与Fe2反应的离子方程式:

______________________________________________________________________。

答案

(1) H  三  ⅦA (各1分) (2) PH3(2分)(3) HClO4(1分)     

(4) 12(2分) (5) MnO4(1分)   MnO4+5Fe2+8H=Mn2+5Fe3+4H2O(3分)

Y 原子的M层p轨道有3个未成对电子,则Y是P。Z与Y同周期,且在该周期中电负性最大,因为非金属性越强,电负性越大,所以Z是Cl。W原子的L层电子数与最外层电子数之比为4∶1,所以最外层电子数是2。又因为d轨道中的电子数与最外层电子数之比为5∶2,所以该元素的原子序数是锰。X、Y、Z、W核电荷数依次增加,核电荷数之和为58,所以X是氢。

(1)氯元素是第三周期第ⅦA

(2)非金属越强,相应阴离子的还原性就越弱,氯的非金属性强于P的,所以PH3的还原性强于氯化氢的。

(3)氯的最高价是+7价,所以最高价氧化物的水化物的化学式为HClO4

(4)12.4 g白磷的物质的量是,所以根据原子守恒可知,化合物C的化学式为P4O6,即该化合物的结构式就是在白磷中每2个磷原子中间插入1个氧原子。因为白磷是正四面体型结构,所以一个C分子中所含有的键数目为12。

(5)锰的最高价是+7价,最高化合价的含氧酸根离子是MnO4。MnO4具有强氧化性,能把亚铁离子氧化生成铁离子,MnO4被还原生成Mn2,方程式为MnO4+5Fe2+8H=Mn2+5Fe3+4H2O。

单项选择题


Passage One

When Dance Speaks the Unspoken and No Language Is Required
当舞蹈说出没有说出的话,就无需语言了
A complete dancer today, is well trained in more than one discipline. The European dance scene has seen a rebirth of the influence of Spanish dance with the fusion of Flamenco and Classical Spanish Dance with other styles. The excitements of these fusions are very present in the Bay Area, which is America’s hotbed of Flamenco.
This heat wave of creation, arrived last summer in Walnut Creek with the premiere concert season of Carolina Lugo’s Brisas de Espa—a Flamenco Dance Company. Carolina’s company not only presents the powerful intense energy of solo flamenco but the grace and joy of classical dances. She herself was trained in classical Spanish dance, which is a world apart from the introverted nature of flamenco, with its familiar roots of the earth. What ballet gives to both her traditions, is the physical strength of movement that seeks light and takes to the air. Perhaps, where these very different traditions flow within her blood we have the true creative force of Ms. Lugo’s work. Each tradition is like a river joining to form an even more powerful force with its own life. During a rehearsal in preparation for Brisas appearance with the Eagles, Clint Black, and Bruce Hornsby at the benefit concert for Tony La Russa’s Animal Rescue Foundation, Carolina explained her intense passion for dance. When a dancer is on stage, it goes without saying, they must be one with the music. Without this connection to the music, movement, and yourself, a dancer is only counting steps and performing routines. The heart of the dancer’s work is to embrace the audience with the depth of our lives and the fiery sensuality of dancing. The magic of performing is for the dancers and the audience to experience our fierce pride, love, happiness and tears. The art of Flamenco is the completeness of being, which the Gypsies of
Spain refer to as "duende", the possession of the sole. This quality, when it present, casts a spell over the audience and everyone becomes involved.
The gift of the modern age is that with the speed of travel and communications we are able to emerge in the changes of the world’s cultures. Intemational artist Manuel Manolo Betanzos will be returning from a world tour for a month of performances and dance workshops with the company. Carolina believes that Manolo’s fused style of dance makes him one of Spain’s best dancers. He was trained in the earthy traditions of flamenco and the elegance of classical Spanish dance by many of the greatest maestros in Spain. His commanding presence on stage last summer earned him the admiration of local dance fans. Pepe Haro also from Spain will join the company as guest guitarist. His playing and musical arrangements bring power to every chord, shading and singing melodic line and above all, a rich rhythmic pulse.
Exploring the emotions and feelings of flamenco has been a profound journey for Carolina. She was recently awarded a grand from the Diablo Regional Arts Association to further her own exploration of dance fusion and will collaborate for this year’s performance with Brazilian Samba Queen, Katia Vaz. Carolina will present the World Premier of Dance Without Borders (Bailes Sin Fronteras). She promises that this work will be a moment, when dance speaks the unspoken and no language is required, only the passion to dance free of limitations. Both Spanish and Brazilian music and dance are diverse and represent a vast m lange of cultural similarities and differences. The emotions of life are the fundamental pieces of both dance traditions. Carofina and Katia, will be joined by Carolina Acea, daughter of Carolina an American original whose style has been influenced by both traditions. The music will be sung both in Spanish and Portuguese by Roberto Zamora and Patricia Velasquez. Carolina explains that the artistic essence of both Flamenco and Samba is their expression of a gamut of feelings about life, embodied with an attitude.

The performances by Carolina’s company are described as______.

A.a mixture of different dances

B.a creation on the dance scene

C.a rebirth of mixed disciplines

D.a hotbed of Flamenco

单项选择题