问题 填空题

铝是当前应用最广泛的金属材料之一,铝的化合物在日常生活和工农业生产中也有着重要的用途。

⑴ 在地壳中,铝是含量最多的金属元素。右图是铝的原子结构示意图,铝原子的核电荷数为______,在化学反应中容易(填“得到”或“失去”)______电子,形成铝离子(填符号)_________。

⑵ 宜昌市桥边镇建有一座铝冶炼厂,该厂以氧化铝为原料,在熔融状态下电解生成铝和一种常见的气体,其反应的化学方程式为_____________________。

⑶ 在日常生活中,家里防盗铁网上常刷一层“银粉”漆,其实“银粉”就是金属铝粉;铝也可用来制导线;盛装饮料的易拉罐和家用高压锅是用铝合金制造的;铝合金还应用于飞机制造上……作为材料,我发现它们具有以下优良性能(各答一条,不雷同)铝:_____________;铝合金:____________。

⑷ 铝的化合物氢氧化铝[Al(OH)3]是药物胃舒平的有效成分,可用于治疗胃酸过多,治疗原理用化学方程式表示为__________________________。

答案

⑴ 13;失去;Al3+

⑵ 2Al2O34Al+3O2

⑶ 抗腐蚀(或良好延性或良好导电性……);密度小(或质轻或硬度高或强度大或易于加工……)

⑷ Al(OH)3+3HCl==AlCl3+3H2O

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Is the world too crowded? Well, that's a hard question to answer. It's all a matter of perspective (视角).

In Montana, you might drive for a mile in any direction and not see another human being. In Macao,60,000

people live in every square mile!

     What is true is that the world's population doesn't stay the same. It has been increasing at a very fast rate

(比例). That's in part because in each generation (代) these are more people who then have children than in

the last generation.

     Five hundred years ago, the population of the world was about 460 million. In 1900,the world's population

was under 2 billion (十亿). Right now it is doubling every 40 years. That means, if this rate of growth

continues, when you are a parent, there will be twice as many people on earth as there are now. Wow! Now

that's a whole lot of people! Soon the world's population will probably reach 7 billion. Some people worry

about that! But there is a lot of disagreement about just how many people on earth equals (相当于) too many

people. But everyone agrees that the more people there are, the more resources (资源) the world needs to feed,

house and take care of all of them, and the more need there is to think carefully about how we live and use the

earth's resources.

1. From the first paragraph we can know that _____.

A. Montana is too crowded

B. Macao is too crowded

C. the world is too crowded

D. the world is not too crowded

2. The population is increasing fast partly because _____.

A. people live longer than before

B. there are less wars than before

C. medicine is developing faster than before

D. more couples now would like to have children than before

3. What was the world's population 100 years ago?

A. 450 million.

B. About 2 billion.

C. 40 billion.

D. 7 billion.

4. The writer thinks that with the population increasing, we should _____.

A. find more resources

B. use more resources

C. think about our ways of living

D. move to other places

5. From the passage we can learn that the writer _____.

A. thinks the world already has too many people

B. thinks the world can feed no more than 7 billion people

C. is not sure when the world's population will reach 7 billion

D. is not sure what the largest population that the world can feed is

单项选择题