问题 填空题

人类的生产和生活都离不开金属。

(1)金属以矿物形式存在,下列矿石的主要成分属于氧化物的是________(填化学式)。

(2)金属的应用非常广泛。

①汽车电路中的导线大都是铜制的,这是利用了金属铜的延展性和          性。

②铁是生产和生活中使用最多的金属,下列关于铁的叙述不正确的是      

A. 铁生锈时生成四氧化三铁         B. 表面涂漆以防止铁生锈

C. 铁制品应放置于干燥的环境中     D. 应及时回收被腐蚀的铁制品

(3)金属活动性顺序有重要的应用。

①金属分别与水、水蒸气的反应情况如下表:

物质镁与冷水铁与冷水铁与水蒸气铜与冷水铜与水蒸气
反应情况缓慢反应不反应能反应不反应不反应
根据金属活动性顺序和表中的信息,判断“镁与水蒸气”的反应情况为             

(填字母)。

A.不反应                        B.缓慢反应

C.比镁与冷水反应快              D.比铁与水蒸气反应快

②已知在加热条件下铁与水蒸气反应生成四氧化三铁和氢气,该反应的化学方程式为

                                          

(4)为探究Zn和Cu的金属活动性强弱,仅用以下提供的药品进行实验:Zn、Cu、H2SO4溶液、ZnSO4溶液、FeSO4溶液、CuSO4溶液。下列说法正确的是                  

A. 最多能设计四种实验方案

B.选用两种药品就可达到实验目的

C.根据 Zn和Cu的硬度能判断金属活动性强弱

D. ZnSO4溶液中加入Cu不能探究金属活动性强弱

答案

(1)Cu2O  Fe3O4           (2)① 导电            ②  A

(3)① C D     ②3Fe+4H2O高温Fe3O4+4H2

(4) A B(此空2分,漏选给1分,有错误选项不给分)

(1)Cu2O  Fe3O4   是由两种元素组成的其中一种是氧元素的化合物.

(2)①铜的导电性仅次于银②A、铁锈的主要成分是氧化铁.错误;

B、表面涂漆以防止铁生锈,因为涂漆可以使铁制品与氧气和水隔绝.正确;

C、铁制品应放置于干燥的环境中,因为干燥的环境中水蒸气的含量很低,铁制品不容易生锈.正确;

D、应及时回收被腐蚀的铁制品.正确.

故选A.

(3)①根据金属活动性顺序可知,镁比铁活泼,水蒸汽的温度又比冷水的温度高,所以,镁与水蒸气的反应情况是:比镁与冷水反应快,比铁与水蒸气反应快.

②在加热条件下铁与水蒸气反应生成四氧化三铁和氢气,该反应的化学方程式为:3Fe+4H2O高温Fe3O4+4H2

(4)A、利用Cu、Zn分别与H2SO4溶液反应,或是Cu、ZnSO4溶液的反应,或Zn、CuSO4溶液的反应,或ZnSO4溶液中加入Cu等都可设计实验方案; 四种实验方案,故正确

B、选用上述试剂中的Cu、ZnSO4溶液或Zn、CuSO4溶液等两种物质就可实现实验目的;故正确

C、金属的硬度属于物理性质,金属的活动性属于化学性质,二者之间没有必然的联系;故不正确;

D、ZnSO4溶液中加入Cu,Cu不能置换出硫酸锌中的锌,可以说明铜的活动性不如锌强;故不正确;

故选A.

阅读理解

Four Simple Keys to Transform Your Life

The Power of Choice.Every one of us makes countless choices every day.Every choice we make has an impact on our lives.Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience and how we feel.When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious snack, or we can choose the sugar high of junk food.The more important the decision, the greater its effect.For instance, how do I act towards that person who treated me badly? Do I generally choose to be passive, or do I actively set clear intentions and create what I want in my life? Every choice we make, however big or small, affects us in some way.

How Do You Make Choices? If you are interested in living a richer, fuller life, there is a foundation upon which you can base all of your decisions which can make life better not only for you, but also for those around you.This foundation is to choose based on what's best for all.Imagine a world where every parent, spouse(配偶), friend, teacher, business person, and politician truly did their best to choose what's best for all involved in every decision they made. We would certainly live in a more caring, supportive world.

It's the Intention."But how do I know what is really best?" you might ask.The answer is simple.It doesn't matter.What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention beind your choice.What matters is that whatever decision you make, you are clear in your intention of choosing based on what's best for all.If it later turns out that you made what appears to have been a bad choice, there's no need for guilt.Knowing that you did your best to choose with a sincere desire for what's best for all, your conscience stays clear and open.This then allows you to more easily learn from your mistakes, and to live with a clear heart and mind.

What's Best for Me, Too! Choosing what's best does not mean you have to always sacrifice yourself for others.An overly(过度的) exhausted mother can lose her temper easily.Some time off for this mother might seem selfish, yet in the long run, it can help her to be a better mother to her children.So as we move through each day of our lives, let us remember to include ourselves as we do our best to choose what's best for all.

小题1:Which of the following is FALSE?

A.Whenever hunger strikes, we will reach for a junk snack

B.Every choice, however big or small, has an influence on us.

C.Even small choices affect how we feel..

D.We make choices every day.小题2:How should we make choices?

A.To be interested in a richer, fuller life.

B.To make life better for ourselves.

C.To imagine a world where everyone did their best.

D.To choose based on what's best for all.小题3:Why does the author say, "What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice."?

A.Because the choice you make is not important.

B.Because you may have made a bad choice.

C.Because this allows you to stay clear and improve.

D.Because there is no need for guilt.小题4:How to choose what is best for us?

A.We need to devote all our life to others.

B.We need to put away some time for ourselves.

C.We need to sacrifice ourselves for others.

D.We need to be selfless every minute.

单项选择题