问题 问答题

类比法是化学研究物质的重要方法之一.草酸(C2H204)的化学性质与碳酸相似,草酸受热会分解得到三种氧化物,某兴趣小组对草酸的有关性质进行了探究,按要求回答相关的问题:

[提出猜想](1)草酸能够使紫色石蕊试液变为______色.

(2)三种氧化物可能是______,该猜想的依据是______.

[查阅资料]1.无水硫酸铜是一种白色粉末物质,遇水变成蓝色的硫酸铜晶体.2.向氯化钯溶液中通入CO,产生黑色沉淀.

[实验探究]兴趣小组为验证猜想,将草酸受热后得到的气体,依次通过了装置A、B、C:

[实验结论](3)当装置A、B、C实验现象是______,证明猜想是正确的.

[实验反思](4)①实验装置中气球所起的作用是______.

②是否可以将装置A和B对调,其理由是______.

答案

[提出猜想](1)草酸(C2H204)的化学性质与碳酸相似,因此草酸能够使紫色石蕊试液变为红色;

(2)草酸受热会分解得到三种氧化物,根据质量守恒定律,三种氧化物可能是CO2、H2O、CO;

[实验结论](3)根据资料提供的信息可知:A种白色固体变为蓝色,证明产物中有水;B中澄清石灰水变浑浊,证明产物中有二氧化碳;C中出现黑色沉淀,证明产物中有一氧化碳;

[实验反思](4)因为一氧化碳有毒,扩散到空气中会造成环境污染,因此实验装置中气球所起的作用是调节C装置容积和收集气体,防一氧化碳扩散;

②装置A和B不可以对调,其理由是气体若先通入B,会将溶液中的水带出,干扰水的检验.

故答案为:[提出猜想](1)红;

(2)CO2、H2O、CO;元素守恒;

[实验结论](3)A种白色固体变为蓝色,B中澄清石灰水变浑浊,C中出现黑色沉淀;

[实验反思](4)调节C装置容积和收集气体,防一氧化碳扩散;

②不可以对调,其理由是气体若先通入B,会将溶液中的水带出,干扰水的检验.

多项选择题 共用题干题
单项选择题

Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is believing, as the saying goes. In numerous cases, when witnesses pointed to the defendant, his or her fate was sealed. But how reliable is eyewitness testimony Recent cases have suggested that despite our best intentions, we may unwittingly distort what we perceive.
Artists and psychologists have long known that "seeing" is not a simple matter of recording visual input. People perceive the exterior world through a complex matrix of cultural expectations, personality traits, moods and life experiences. For example, researchers tested the cultural influence on perception by showing a set of optical illusions to various groups, and found that different groups responded in divergent ways. Accustomed to and inundated by perpendicular structures, Western Europeans succumbed easily to illusions based on rectangular lines. On the other hand, the Zulu people of South Africa, whose environment had been comprised almost entirely of circular forms (round houses, doors, etc.) did not fall prey to those linear illusions.
Cultural expectations also influence the selectivity of our seeing. The amount of visual information that exists far exceeds our ability to process it, so we must filter that sensory input into recognizable images. In looking at a face, we do not see elongated ovals set in complex shadows and shading, we see eyes. And that filtering process is informed by what we perceive to be significant, which is influenced by cultural norms. Some cultures may emphasize differences in hair color or texture, others the shape of a nose or mouth, others the set of the eyes.
But it is not only group expectations that color what we see, personality and mood fluctuation can also alter our perceptions. Orderly minds who shun ambiguity will see an off- center image as firmly fixed in the center. The same photograph of four young men allows for shifting interpretations based on our current feeling: a mood of happiness reveals boys enjoying a relaxing day, while anxiety changes the picture to students worrying about exams.
In addition, numerous more prosaic factors affect our ability to record an image accurately. Duration of the encounter, proximity to the subject, lighting, and angle all affect our ability to see, and even stress may further undermine the accuracy of our perceptions.
What will this mean for criminal trials Juries have often been reluctant to convict without eyewitness identification. Blood samples, fingerprints, and the like do not resonate as deeply with juries as does direct testimony, and frequently require understanding of complex scientific technicalities. But as confidence in eyewitness testimony wanes, such circumstantial evidence may someday replace visual identification as the lynchpin of criminal trials.

The primary purpose of the passage is to ______ .

A.raise concerns about the reliability of eyewitness identification

B.disprove the role of culture in influencing perception

C.question the accuracy of juries in criminal trials

D.shed light on the differences between perception and actuality