问题 解答题

据新华社北京4月电,发端于墨西哥、美国的甲型H1N1流感疫情正在成为全球性公共卫生事件,除墨美两个“重灾区”严控疫情外,其他国家、政府也纷纷采取措施,密切防范、监控甲型H1N1流感病毒.

(1)导致这次流感疫情的罪魁祸首为甲型H1N1流感病毒,它是作为______(选填“传染源”或“病原体”)入侵人体的.感染了甲型H1N1流感病毒的人属于______.

(2)从传染病的预防措施角度看,图1对病患隔离所采用的预防措施是______,

图2采用的预防措施是______,

图3采用的预防措施是______.

(3)我国疾控中心专家李德新透露,世界卫生组织有望于5月中旬为中国提供人感染甲型H1N1流感病毒毒株,用于疫苗的生产,这将大大有助于对人感染甲型H1N1流感的疫情控制.从免疫的角度来说,注射疫苗可以使人体建立相应防御功能.这种人体内产生的抵抗物质,叫做______,人体的这种免疫能力属于______免疫.

答案

(1)、传染病是指由病原体引起的,能在生物之间传播的疾病.病原体是指能引起传染病的细菌、真菌、病毒或寄生虫等,甲型H1N1流感病毒是引起甲型H1N1流感的病原体.传染病一般有传染源、传播途径和易感人群这三个基本环节,其中传染源是指能够散播病原体的人或动物,感染了甲型H1N1流感病毒的人属于传染源.

(2)、预防传染病的措施有控制传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感人群.图1对病患隔离所采用的预防措施属于控制传染源;图2对公共场所进行严格消毒,这属于切断传播途径.图3给儿童预防接种属于保护易感人群.

(3)、疫苗是用减毒的、灭活的病原体制成的生物制品,计划免疫是指有计划的进行预防接种,以达到预防、控制和消灭某种传染病的目的.注射疫苗后,从抗原、抗体相互作用的免疫机理分析,甲型H1N1流感疫苗相当于抗原,接种到人体后,会刺激人体内的淋巴细胞产生抗体,从而对甲型H1N1流感病毒起到免疫作用,而对其它的病原体不起作用,这种免疫属特异性免疫.

故答案为:(1)病原体;传染源

(2)控制传染源;切断传播途径;保护易感人群

(3)抗体;特异性

阅读理解

There is no question that teenagers need rules, which is often not a difficult thing for parents to give. What can be more challenging is giving teenagers their freedom. It can be difficult to draw the line between the two. However, some issues cannot be changed by discussion and require firm rules. For instance, rules should be established concerning driving the family car.

I will admit that I have no problem coming up with rules. To me they make life easier and they leave no room for questioning. What can be more difficult, however, is giving my teens their freedom. I guess there are really two primary reasons for this. One is that I sometimes am afraid to give them freedom. The second is that I’m not always so sure what the freedom should be.

It helps that I have a husband with whom I can discuss these problems. We talk about them, give our thoughts and then we come up with an agreement. Sometimes one of us might be more unwilling but we know that there comes a time when we really do have to learn how to let go of the reins (缰绳) a bit.

If we try to make life have nothing but rules, we are more likely to see our teen’s rebelling (反抗). They need to know that while we do have certain expectations, we also trust them to begin making their own choices and decisions. How else can they do that unless they are given the space and room to do it?

It’s really all about balance and I will be the first to admit that it can be a challenge to carry out. However, it is a necessary part of growing up. Yes, teens definitely need rules but they also need freedom.

小题1:According to the text, we can infer that the writer________.

A.refuses to give her children freedom

B.finds it difficult to make rules

C.doesn’t have a good relationship with her children

D.has trouble in giving freedom to her children小题2:According to the writer, only rules without freedom will make the children _______.

A.strong-willed

B.rebellious

C.weak

D.independent小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A.Rules are difficult to make for parents.

B.Rules and freedom are similarly important.

C.We should give children freedom as much as possible.

D.Rules are more important than freedom.小题4:What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

A.Problems.

B.Children.

C.Rules.

D.Reasons.

单项选择题