问题 问答题

每年冬季因燃煤取暖而造成煤气中毒的事故屡见不鲜.某中学研究性学习小组决定对家庭使用煤炉取暖产生的尾气的成分进行探究.他们根据碳的化学性质猜测:尾气的主要成分可能为一氧化碳和二氧化碳.该小组同学在收集尾气之后,利用下面的装置进行实验,请回答:

(1)为证明尾气中有二氧化碳,他们应先将收集到的气体通过装置______(填写装置序号,下同).

(2)为确定尾气中是否含有一氧化碳,将尾气通入装置C前,应先将气体通过装置______,目的是______.

(3)实验中要两次用到装置______,它们的作用分别是______.

(4)以此实验探究,他们证实了自己的猜想,据此,你对家庭燃煤取暖有哪些建议?

______.

答案

本实验给定的实验要求是检验尾气中含有一氧化碳和二氧化碳,检验二氧化碳需要用澄清的石灰水,而检验一氧化碳需要将一氧化碳转化为二氧化碳后检验(也可以借助氧化铜变红来分析,因为二氧化碳不具有还原氧化铜的性质).所以检验二氧化碳在线,且未来检验一氧化碳,需要将在二氧化碳检验后吸收掉,这样才能检验转化和检验一氧化碳.检验二氧化碳用澄清石灰水,吸收二氧化碳用氢氧化钠溶液,转化一氧化碳用氧化铜,在转化前进行干燥.

 所以相对较为周全的设计为:尾气→澄清石灰水(检验二氧化碳)→氢氧化钠溶液(吸收二氧化碳)→澄清石灰水(检验二氧化碳是否吸收彻底)→浓硫酸(除去水蒸气)→灼热氧化铜(转化和检验一氧化碳)→澄清石灰水(检验生成了二氧化碳,从而确定一氧化碳,此步也可以不用,因为氧化铁变为红色也说明还原性物质存在.所以不同的关注点,可以有不同的实验)

 故答案为:

(1)A;  

(2)B  除去尾气中的CO2;  

(3)A  第一次是验证尾气中含有CO2,第二次是验证CO还原Fe2O3后有CO2生成,以此证明尾气中含有CO;

(4)使煤充分燃烧,并注意通风排气.

填空题
单项选择题

I was a single parent of four small children, working at a low paid job. Money was always tight, but we had a (1) over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs, and if not a lot, always (2) . Not knowing we were poor, my kids just thought I was (3) . I’ve always been glad about that.

It was Christmas time, and although there wasn’t (4) for a lot of gifts, we planned to celebrate with a family party. But the big (5) for the kids was the fun of Christmas (6) .

They planned weeks ahead of time, asking (7) what they wanted for Christmas. Fortunately, I had saved MYM120 for (8) to share by all five of us.

The big (9) arrived. I gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill and (10) them to look for gifts of about four dollars each. Then everyone scattered. We had two hours to shop; then we would (11) back at the "Santa’s Workshop".

Driving home, everyone was in high Christmas spirits, (12) my younger daughter, Ginger, who was unusually (13) . She had only one small, flat bag with a few candies—fiftycent candies! I was so angry, but I didn’t say anything (14) we got home. I called her into my bedroom and closed the door, (15) to be angry again. This is what she told me.

"I was looking (16) thinking of what to buy, and I (17) to read the little cards on the ’Giving Trees’. One was for a little girl, four years old, and all she (18) for Christmas was a doll. So I took the card off the tree and (19) the doll for her. We have so much and she doesn’t have anything. "

I never felt so (20) as I did that day.

9()

A.day 

B.chance 

C.cheque 

D.tree