问题 实验题

右图是根尖的结构图,填写有关根尖结构和功能的内容。

(1) 图中的________区,此区的主要生理功能是________  。在此区内部的一些细胞开始分化形成_________。

(2) 图中的_________区,它们有很强的_________,属于_________组织。这个结构与木本茎中的            功能相似。

(3) 图中的4细胞具有___________功能。

(4) 植物根的长度能够不断增加,就是因为_________的缘故。(填标号)

答案

(1)成熟区  吸收水和无机盐  导管

(2)分生区  分裂  分生 形成层

(3)保护   

(4)②和③

题目分析:在轴向上,根尖的结构一般可以划分为四个部分:根冠、分生区、伸长区和成熟区;1、成熟区,也称根毛区,内部某些细胞的细胞质和细胞核逐渐消失,这些细胞上下连接,中间失去横壁,形成导管,导管具有运输作用,表皮密生的茸毛即根毛,是根吸收水分和无机盐的主要部位;2、伸长区,位于分生区稍后的部分,一般长约2~5毫米,是根部向前推进的主要区域,其外观透明,洁白而光滑,生长最快的部分是伸长区;3、分生区,也叫生长点,是具有强烈分裂能力的、典型的顶端分生组织,个体小、排列紧密、细胞壁薄、细胞核较大、拥有密度大的细胞质(没有液泡),外观不透明;4、根冠,根尖最先端的帽状结构,罩在分生区的外面,有保护根尖幼嫩的分生组织,使之免受土壤磨损的功能;根的生长主要是由于分生区的细胞不断分裂和伸长区的细胞不断伸长的缘故。

点评:本题考查根尖结构以及与吸收功能相适应的特点,解答此题的关键是掌握根尖的结构,可结合根尖的结构图进行记忆。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he has sent you to

a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.

     Then, consider this: you might be in a state of sub-health (亚健康). Sub-health, also called the third

state or gray state, is explained as a borderline(界限) state between health and disease.

     According to the survey by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people

are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management

positions as well as students around exam-week.

     Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, anger, and poor memory.

Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.

     The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health, according to some medical experts, is to form

good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.

     As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements -- vitamins and other elements that are important to

the body.

      Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause

unhealthy changes in the digestive tract (消化道). They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in

avoiding sub-health.

1. According to this passage, which of the following is true?

A. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should stay at home and keep silent.

B. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.

C. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.

D. When you are in a state of sub-health, you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.

2. It may be easy for middle-aged people to get sub-healthy because _________.

A. they have used up their energy                

B. they have lost their living hopes

C. they have more pressure in life and work        

D. they begin to get older

3. The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is that you should ________.

A. work hard             

B. sleep more

C. form good living habits     

D. take more medicine

4. The underlined word "alternate" in this passage is closest in meaning to _________.

A. arrange by turns        

B. cause to take place

C. keep oneself busy with     

D. get tired of