问题 问答题

化合物IV为一种重要化工中间体,其合成方法如下:

(1)化合物Ⅰ的化学式为______

(2)反应2的反应类型为______,1mol化合物III与足量NaOH反应消耗NaOH的物质的量为______.

(3)化合物I在NaOH的醇溶液中反应得到化合物X,写出化合物X可能的结构简式______.

(4)化合物IV在浓硫酸条件下反应生成的六元环化合物V,写出该反应的化学方程式______.

(5)异黄樟油素(

)发生类似反应1的反应,得到乙醛和化合物Ⅵ(一种香料),化合物Ⅵ的结构简式为______.

答案

(1)由结构简式可知化合物Ⅰ中含有6个C、9个H、1个Br,则分子式为C6H9Br,故答案为:C6H9Br;

(2)C=O变成C-O键,应为加成反应,化合物III中含有-COOH和-Br,在碱性条件下反应和生成-COONa和NaBr,则需要2molNaOH,故答案为:加成反应;2mol;

(3)化合物I在NaOH的醇溶液中反应发生消去反应,可得到两种有机物,分别为

故答案为:

(4)化合物IV中含有-OH和-COOH,可发生酯化反应成环,反应的方程式为

故答案为:

(5)异黄樟油素(

)发生类似反应1的反应,应为C=C被氧化分别生成醛或酮,则生成的化合物Ⅵ的结构简式为

故答案为:

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题


Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one.
Passage One

American consumers like convenience very much. During the last 50 years, there has been a dramatic increase in such labor-saving devices as automatic washing machines, clothes dryers, dishwashers, food processors, microwave ovens, garbage disposals and power lawn mowers. Today, all of these and many more, are found in a typical suburban home. These labor-saving devices are designed to reduce the time spent on housework. However, the time that Americans save is quickly spent on other activities.
The American desire for convenience also created the concept of fast-food restaurants, found in every city and almost every small town in the United States, and now exported all over the world. These fast-food restaurants, such as McDonald’s and KFC, serve sandwiches, salads, fried chicken, seafood, and other food to hurried customers in five minutes or less, often at a drive-up window. There are also a wide variety of restaurants that will deliver Chinese food, pizza, and other dishes to people’s homes in about a half-hour. In many areas there are "take-out taxis" that will deliver food from the menus of 20 or 30 different restaurants for a small charge. For those who prefer to prepare their food at home, American grocery stores are full of convenience foods that are packaged and ready to cook or even precooked.
Like microwave ovens and dishwashers, fast-food and take-out restaurants are convenient because they save the American consumer time that would otherwise be spent fixing meals or cleaning up. More than half of all the women in the United States are currently employed. This includes mothers with children under the age of 18. More than half the women with little children under the age of six hold jobs. Sixty-eight percent of the women who have school-age children are employed. Families with working mothers need all the time-savers they can get.
Thus, the conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted. Alexis de Tocqueville was one of the first to see in this a curious paradox (自相矛盾) in the American character. He observed that Americans were so busy working to acquire comforts and conveniences that they were unable to relax and to enjoy leisure time when they had it. Today, many Americans have what one medical doctor has called "the hurry sickness".

The increase in labor-saving devices in the last 50 years reflected ______.

A.a shortage of labor force in America

B.people’s need to reduce the time spent on housework

C.Americans’ interest in doing housework

D.the quick change of American family life