问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文段,回答问题。

  吕蒙字子明,汝南富陂人也。少南渡,依姊夫邓当。当为孙策将,数讨山越。蒙年十五六,窃随当击贼,当顾见大惊,呵叱不能禁止。归以告蒙母,母恚欲罚之,蒙曰:“不探虎穴,安得虎子?”母哀而舍之。

  鲁肃代周瑜,过蒙屯下。肃意尚轻蒙,或说肃曰:“吕 * * 功名日显,不可以故意待也,君宜顾之。”遂往诣蒙。酒酣,蒙问肃曰:“君受重任,与关羽为邻,将何计略,以备不虞?”肃造次应曰:“临时施宜。”蒙曰:“今东西虽为一家,而关羽实虎熊也,计安可不豫定?”因为肃画五策。肃于是越席就之,拊其背曰:“吕子明,吾不知卿才略所及乃至于此也。”(节选自《三国志·吴志·吕蒙传》,有改动)

  注:①虞:意料,预料。②造次:鲁莽,轻率。③拊(fǔ):抚摩。

1.解释下列句中加粗的词。

(1)讨山越                    数_________

(2)君宜之                    顾_________

(3)遂往蒙                    诣_________

(4)肃于是越席之         就_________

2.用现代汉语写出文中画线句子的意思。

(1)不探虎穴,安得虎子?

______________________________________

(2)吕 * * 功名日显,不可以故意待也。

______________________________________

3.细读节选的文字回答,鲁肃对吕蒙的态度前后有什么变化?

______________________________________

4.根据节选文字,联系下面材料,你认为吕蒙是个怎样的人?

蒙始就学,笃志不倦,其所览见,旧儒不胜。鲁肃过蒙言议,曰:“吾谓大弟但有武略耳,至于今者,学识英博,非复吴下阿蒙。”蒙曰:“士别三日,即更刮目相待。”(节选自裴松之注引《江表传》,有改动)

______________________________________

答案

1.(1)屡次 (2)拜访 (3)到 (4)接近,靠近

2.(1)不探寻老虎洞,怎么能捉到小老虎?

  (2)吕 * * 功名一天天显扬,不可以用原来的态度对待他。

3.原先轻视,后来吕蒙出了五个计谋之后,转为尊重和亲近。

4.勇而有谋,文武双全,勤奋好学,学而有成。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Americans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames (昵称,绰号). Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname. These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions.
In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect. For Americans, however, it’s the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship. By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname, walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established.
At work bosses will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should an employer use a worker’s family name, you can be sure that some kind of correction or serious business will follow.
This love for nicknames can create a sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not related. Even the presidents of the United States have borne nicknames. Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe. John F. Kennedy was known as Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting people know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him with disfavor may call him Slick Willy.
Not only people but cities often carry their own nicknames. Chicago is called the "Windy City" because of the p winds which come down from Canada throughout the year. New York City is considered the "Big Apple" for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers.
Not every nickname, however, is positive and some can be rather rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic, a label will soon be attached to describe that person in an unpleasant way.
Likewise a person’s physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one’s liking or choice. A nickname, therefore, is a way of identifying or describing someone or something for better or worse.

Americans tend to use others’ family names ______.

A. on formal occasions
B. when writing letters
C. in the work place
D. when making phone calls