问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文言文,完成问题。

(甲)

  钱氏据两浙时,于杭州梵天寺建一木塔,方两三级,钱帅登之,患其塔动。匠师云:“未布瓦,上轻,故如此。”乃以瓦布之,而动如初。无可奈何,密使其妻见喻皓之妻,贻以金钗,问塔动之因。皓笑曰:“此易耳,但逐层布板讫,便实钉之,则不动矣。”匠师如其言,塔遂定。盖钉板上下弥束,六幕相联如胠篋,人履其板,六幕相持,自不能动。人皆服其精练。

                     (乙)

  开宝寺塔,在京师诸塔中最高,而制度甚精,都料匠预浩所造也。塔初成,望之不正而势倾西北。人怪而问之,浩曰:“京师地平无山,而多西北风,吹之不百年,当正也。”其用心之精盖如此。国朝以来,木工一人而已,至今木工皆以预都料为法。有《木经》三卷,行与世。世传浩惟一女,年十岁,每卧,则交手于胸为结构状,如此越年,撰成《木经》三卷,今行于世是也。(选自欧阳修《归田录》)

1.解释下列句中加粗词语。

(1)杭州梵天寺建一木塔                    __________

(2)使其妻见喻皓之妻                        __________

(3)而制度甚精                                      制度________

(4)世传浩一女                                   __________

2.翻译下列句子。

(1)乃以瓦布之,而动如初。

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(2)塔初成,望之不正而势倾西北。

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3.品读甲、乙两段文字中划线语句,通过喻皓的语言探究其“为人”,你会有什么发现呢?请分别将你的探究所得写在下面。

________________________________________________________

4.读了上述文章之后,有同学建议杭州文物部门为喻皓建一座纪念馆。请你为喻皓撰写一段介绍性文字,不少于100字。

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答案

1.(1)在  (2)暗中,秘密地  (3)制造方法(技艺)  (4)仅,只有

2.(1)于是就把瓦片铺排在塔上,但是木塔还像当初一样晃动。

  (2)塔刚建成时,看上去不正,而是向西北方向倾斜。

3.(1)喻皓对于木结构的特点和受力情况有比较深刻的认识。虽然他没有亲临现场,但依然能准确地指明问题的关键,说明他的实践经验是很丰富的。

  (2)原来这是喻皓特意这样做的。可见喻皓在搞设计的时候,不仅考虑到了工程本身的技术问题,而且还注意到周围环境以及气候对建筑物的影响。(答到大意即可)

4.示例:喻皓,浙东人,北宋初建筑家,曾任杭州都料匠,擅长建造木塔。晚年所著《木经》,不仅促进了当时建筑技术的交流和提高,而且对后来建筑技术的发展产生了很大的影响。其辛劳一生为我国木制建筑所做出的卓越贡献,为自己树立了一座无形的丰碑。

单项选择题

Is test anxiety destructive Can we make test anxiety work for us The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance.
In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and knowledge. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test can reduce anxiety during the test.
You will be surprised how confident you will feel if you know the material. Studies of memory show if you want to be able to recall information from text or lecture you have to review that material several times. It is important to know your own abilities and operate accordingly. If you know that you learn best by listening, prepare a tape of significant material and listen to the tape.
Study partners or study groups are often useful for self-testing. Experience in stressful situations tends to lessen anxiety in those situations. One way to help yourself retrieve material is through the use of mnemonic codes. Learn a code that lets you remember complex material. Developing an outline for an essay question that you know will be on the test or memorizing a formula are forms of code development.
Students are often frustrated by the sheer volume of material that has to be studied in college. Many instructors conduct reviews, give hints, identify what is important to study, use handouts or overhead transparency outlines. These materials should be at the top of your study list. If the instructor took the time to identify them, you should assume that they will play an important part of the test. While knowledge acquired during test preparation can help reduce anxiety, it is another thing to take the test itself. Following are a few suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test.
When I arrive at a test, I often find students flipping text pages at the last minute trying to cram it all in at the end. You would be better off trying to relax, meditating a little, and clearing your mind to allow yourself the ability to concentrate on the questions that are coming.
As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start, dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory onto the test answer sheets so that you will not have to worry about whether you will remember the codes long enough until you get to the appropriate test question.
You can build your confidence if you go through the test and answer all of the questions that you know first. Go back and work on those questions that need greater analysis, or that need to be worked out or need to be guessed at and your anxiety will not kick in until later in the test.
For those of you whose anxiety increases as study and preparation increase, your goal should be to start concentrating on things that take your mind off the test, i. e. , television, books, hobbies, movies, etc. Meditation and aerobic exercise have proven to be very useful methods for reducing undesirable effects of stress.
The solution to reducing the destructive influences of stress is to plan to study. Map out a schedule of when you will study each day. Identify the specific topics that you will study each day. Identify the areas of the material that you have had problems with and study those. Your plan should include reading the text material, reviewing notes and homework assignments, identifying material that needs further explanation, developing codes for memory material and testing yourself. Once you have studied adequately, your confidence will be fairly high, your knowledge will be satisfactory to do well on the test and the stomach butterflies will help you focus on the task at hand.
I’d wish you good luck on finals, but you and I both know that the more effectively you study, the luckier you will get.

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as a good side of the test anxiety

A.It can help improve performance if channeled correctly.

B.It motivates us to study and prepare for the exam.

C.It can help us to concentrate.

D.It can always ensure us a good score in the test.

填空题