问题 填空题

2008年年初我国南方遭遇了几十年不遇的雪凝灾害.在抗凝冻过程中,工人在凝冻道路上洒一种白色粉末,冰雪开始融化.这种白色粉末叫做“化冰盐”,且可能由KNO3、CaCO3、MgCl2、CuSO4中两种或两种以上的物质组成的.下面通过实验探究这种“化冰盐”的组成成分.

(1)实验过程中操作①的名称:______.所需要的主要实验玻璃仪器有:______、______、______.

(2)化冰盐一定不存在的物质是______,理由是______.一定存在的物质是______.

(3)写出生成沉淀B的化学方程式______.

答案

(1)加入氢氧化钠溶液,无色溶液中出现白色沉淀,通过过滤操作可把沉淀从溶液中分离出来;所以操作①为过滤操作,在过滤操作中用到的玻璃仪器为:漏斗、玻璃棒和烧杯;

(2)化冰盐溶于水得到无色溶液,所以可判断化冰盐中不含不溶性的碳酸钙、以及溶于水后形成蓝色溶液的硫酸铜,根据加入了氢氧化钠溶液后产生了白色沉淀,可以知道在“化冰盐”中含有氯化镁,;

(3)根据(2)的解答可以知道:氢氧化钠溶液发生反应的物质为氯化镁,通过交换成分生成氢氧化镁沉淀和氯化钠.

故答案为:(1)过滤;漏斗、烧杯、玻璃棒;

(2)CaCO3、CuSO4;因为白色粉末能溶于水形成无色溶液,而碳酸钙不溶于水;硫酸铜溶于水形成蓝色溶液;  MgCl2

(3)2NaOH+MgCl2═Mg(OH)2↓+2NaCl.

单项选择题 A2型题
填空题



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