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病历摘要：男性、15岁、感头晕、头痛年余、偶有耳鸣，下肢容易麻木、发冷。体查：上肢血压200/110mmHg股动脉、足背动脉弱，胸骨在第2～3肋间和左背部肩胛骨均可闻及喷射性收缩期杂音，并向下方传导

一般而言主动脉缩窄是指主动脉起始的先天性主动脉缩窄，本病发生率在亚洲国家低于西方国家，男性多于女性，根据缩窄部位与动脉导管或动脉韧带关系分为：（）

A.导管前型

B.导管中型

C.近导管型

D.导管混合型

E.动脉导管未闭型

F.导管后型

G.导管局限型

H.导管弥漫型

答案

参考答案：A, C, F

单项选择题 共用题干题

患者，女，38岁。主诉：右半侧牙遇冷热疼3周。病历记载：1个月前右上后牙在外院已做牙髓治疗，治疗后原症状略缓解，遇热仍疼，且偶有自发疼。检查：右上4近中咬合面银汞充填完好，叩（+），冷测反应均迟钝，热水可引起痛，持续数分钟。右上5冠完整，仅见颊面釉质有一纵行隐裂纹，涂碘酊染色不明显，叩：（+），在裂纹处冷热测均较对照牙略敏感，其余未见异常。右上6残根，叩诊（-），周围牙龈略红，探之易出血。

该患牙的诊断最可能为（）。

A.急性牙髓炎

B.慢性牙髓炎急性发作

C.慢性牙髓炎

D.残髓炎

E.牙髓充血（创伤所致）
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单项选择题

A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as "What do I already know about this topic" and "What do I want to know" In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 R’s) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 R’s) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R’s) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions fromed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.

Which of the following statements is true（）

A. In the last step, you should remember all the information

B. When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details

C. The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author

D. While you are holding a mental conversation you select the important information
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