问题 单项选择题

2005年5月,中国甲公司作为卖方与买方美国乙公司签订了一份购销合同,合同标的为一批高档铁观音茶叶,合同中并没有指明交货地点。6月3日,中国甲公司将货物交给美国乙公司指定的第一承运人。6月10日,因为加拿大茶叶价格大幅度上升,因此美国乙公司转手将该批茶叶转卖给加拿大丙公司,而该笔茶叶尚在运输途中。下列关于该批茶叶风险转移的说法错误的是:

A.如果货物在风险转移到买方承担后遗失的,买方仍要支付价款

B.茶叶的风险自甲公司交给第一承运人的时候风险发生转移,转移到买方乙公司

C.对乙公司和丙公司而言,在关于转卖该笔茶叶的合同成立时,风险就转移到加拿大的丙公司

D.如果在该批茶叶运到加拿大后,加拿大丙公司才发现茶叶在运输途中发生了意外损坏,但是发生意外的时间无法确定,乙公司在订立合同时对意外的发生也并不知情,则风险在乙、丙之间并不发生转移,由乙公司承担损失的风险

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 本题的考点是1980年公约对风险转移的规定,《1980年国际货物买卖公约》规定,货物在风险转移到买方承担后遗失和损坏的,买方支付贷款的义务并不因此解除,因此选项A正确。公约第67条和第68条对风险转移做了规定,关于风险转移可以分为下面两种情况:(1)合同中有运输条款的货物买卖合同的风险转移。对于合同中由运输条款的货物买卖合同的风险转移,依公约第67条的规定应依下列方式转移风险:①如该运输条款规定买方有义务在某一特定地点把货物交给承运人运输,则卖方在履行了义务之后,货物的风险就转移到买方;②如合同中没有指明交货地点,卖方只要按合同规定把货物交给第一承运人,货物的风险就转移给了买方。由此可以判断选项B正确,因为题中已经说明合同中并没有指明交货地点,所以适用以上的第②种方式的规定,茶叶的风险自甲公司交给第一承运人的时候风险发生转移,转移到买方乙公司。 (2)对于在运输途中销售的货物的风险,依公约第68条的规定是自买卖合同成立时起转移给买方。运输途中销售的货物,不存在交付承运人的问题,因为货物已在承运人的控制之下了,所以从合同成立时就转移风险。选项C所表述的情形就属于这一种,对乙公司和丙公司而言,在关于转卖该笔茶叶的合同成立时,风险就转移到加拿大的丙公司。但是,由于在运输途中的货物发生风险的时间不易确定,所以公约规定,如果情况表明有此需要,风险自交给签发运输单据的承运人起转移给买方,这种情况需以卖方在订立合同时不知道货物已灭失或损坏的为限。这里的“交给签发运输单据的承运人起”的风险转移时间的规定,实际上是在无法确定出险时间而转卖人又不知情的情况下,风险转移给运输途中的转售合同的买方承担,在本题中就是加拿大的丙公司,所以这里的风险6月3日,中国甲公司将货物交给美国乙公司指定的第一承运人时就转移给了最后的买受人加拿大丙公司承担的。D选项的表述错误,本题的答案就是D。

填空题
问答题

Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. (46) But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in gene therapy and protein targeted drugs, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.

From an economic standpoint, the best news may be that these accomplishments .could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. (47) Costs may even fall as diseases ’are brought under control using pinpointed, short-term therapies now being developed. By 2050 there will be fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma. Spending on nonacute care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death.

One result of medicine’s success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy. (48) The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter, but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest growing segment of the population. Between 1960 and 1995, the U.S. population as a whole increased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300%. (49) There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago. U.S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million in 2050, compared with 37, 000 in 1990.

(50) Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year 2050, some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120. years. With continuing

(49) There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago.