问题 填空题

人类常从矿石中获取金属材料。

(1)铁是冶炼最多的金属。工业炼铁主要反应的化学方程式是:Fe2O3+3CO=高温=2Fe+3CO2,反应中的氧化剂是_____________。该反应中所涉及的物质中,属于单质的是________.常用于灭火的是___________.

(2)铜是人类利用较早的金属,木炭与氧化铜反应生成二氧化碳的化学方程式是______________________,反应后固体的质量_____________(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)

(3)铝在现代生活中得到广泛的应用。炼铝原料水铝石的主要成分是Al(OH)3,Al(OH)3由________种元素组成,2mol Al(OH)3中含有_____g氧元素。

(4)金属冶炼通常使矿石中金属元素转变为_______(填“化合”或“游离”)态。

答案

(1)Fe2O3或氧化铁(2)Fe或铁

(3)CO2或二氧化碳(4)C+2CuO△2Cu+CO2

(5)减少(6)3或三(7)96(8)游离

(1)在这个反应中,我们可以根据得氧或失氧来判断物质是氧化剂或还原剂。氧化剂是指在氧化还原反应中失去氧元素的物质。还原剂是指在氧化还原反应中得到氧元素的物质。

(2)该反应中属于单质的是金属铁(Fe),

(3)能用于灭火的是二氧化碳(CO2)气体,利用二氧化碳不燃烧也不支持燃烧的性质。

(4)木炭与氧化铜可以在加热的条件下反应生成二氧化碳和铜。(利用了木炭的还原性)

所以反应的化学方程式为:C+2CuO 2Cu+CO2

(5)反应前的固体是CuO,反应后生成的固体是Cu,相当于CuO的基础上去掉了氧元素的质量,所以反应后固体的质量减少。

(6)根据Al(OH)3的化学式可知,其中含有Al、O、H等三种元素。

(7)根据化学式可知,2mol Al(OH)3中含有氧元素的物质的量为6 mol。其质量为16g/ mol*6 mol=96g。

(8)金属冶炼目的是把金属的化合物通过反应转化为金属单质,即金属元素由化合态转化为游离态。

点评:本题利用常见的物质考查了氧化还原反应、化学方程式的书写、元素的化合态与游离态等知识点,要求准确掌握相关知识。

阅读理解
Cooler temperatures, attractive colors, smaller crowds autumn is the perfect time for travel and tourism. Here, three places are listed as the best fall trip destinations. Don’t worry if you can’t go to these places. By reading this page, we hope to take you on grand tour and let you experience fun and culture around the world.
Cannstatter Volkfest, Stuttgart, Germany
Stuttgart’s Cannstatter Volkfest is listed as the world’s second largest beer-drinking event–following Munich’s Oktoberfest. But it is considered Germany’s more authentic celebration of local heritage and, of course, beer.
Started as an agricultural fair in 1818–a symbolic 24-meter-high “fruit column” pays homage to the past–the three-week festival (from September 23 to October 9 this year) features live music, a re-created Alpine village, and carnival(狂欢节) rides.
In addition, Stuttgart is recognized as a global car capital. Both the Mercedes-Benz and Porsche museums are worth a visit.
 
Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Here in the northern Canadian town at Hudson Bay, visitors can see the area’s most famous fall residents–polar bears.
More than a thousand of the world’s largest land carnivores migrate through the “polar bear capital of the world” during October and November, when the first ice forms on the edge of Hudson Bay. 
The frozen conditions make it easier for hungry bears to hunt for seals (by walking instead of swimming).
Under the snowy, winter weather, visitors can hardly have too many clothes to put on. Insulated boots, jackets, and gloves; layered clothing; thermal underwear; and woolen socks and hats are required.
 
Dublin, Ireland
The Ireland’s capital and largest city is a center for arts, entertainment, culture and commerce.
With few tourists and lower temperatures, fall is the ideal season for walking the historic Georgian streets and cruising the River Liffey.
Visitors can explore the city’s 20 square kilometers of public gardens, nature reserves, and parks, including St. Stephen’s Green, which borders Grafton Street, one of the world’s most expensive retail locations.
  Along the way, enjoy traditional, paper-wrapped fish and chips at Leo Burdock.
  Healthier eats will be on the menu on October 31, when more than 12,000 runners are expected for the National Lottery Dublin Marathon, named “the Friendly Marathon” for the affable crowds cheering there.
小题1:The passage is presented for those who           .
A.care for fun and culture around the world
B.have planned to go for traveling this autumn
C.hate to have their holidays in other seasons
D.have not ever been to Europe and America
小题2:If you spend your holidays on October 31, you may          .
A.enjoy live music at the beer – drinking festival
B.watch polar bears hunt seals
C.taste traditional, paper – wrapped fish and clips
D.win a prize in “the Friendly Marathon”
小题3:According to the passage, we can know that         .
A.Car exhibitions will be held for two months.
B.It’s not necessary to take more clothes with you to Churehill, Martitoba
C.The beer – drinking event in German dates from the eighteenth century
D.Your favourite goods might be available in the expensive shop in Dublin
小题4:The passage is probably taken from the column of        in a newspaper.
A.economicsB.scienceC.tourismD.fashion
单项选择题