问题 问答题

试述脑出血的病因和发病机制。

答案

参考答案:病因:主要是高血压和动脉硬化(85%左右)。其他少见的病因有:脑血管畸形、脑动脉瘤、血液病、脑动脉炎、抗凝治疗、淀粉样血管病、肿瘤侵袭血管壁破裂出血等。发病机制:持续高血压和脑内小动脉硬化使出血部位的血管发生玻璃样变而形成微小动脉瘤;加之脑内动脉外膜不发达,无外弹力层.中层肌细胞少,管壁较薄,大脑中动脉与其所发出的深穿支一豆纹动脉呈直角。因此当劳累用力或情绪改变等因素使血压骤然升高时,易致动脉破裂出血。

单项选择题
完形填空

第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1,满分20分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)出可以填入空白的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Forty-three years seems like a long time to remember the name of a person. I have forgotten the name of an old lady who was a(n)   31   on my paper route when I was a twelve-year-old boy. Yet it seems like just yesterday that she taught me a lesson in   32  . One afternoon, a friend and I were   33   rocks onto the roof of the old lady’s house   34   her backyard. The object of our play was to observe how the rocks changed to missiles as they   35   to the roof’s edge and shot out into the   36  .

I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and sent it for a ride. The stone was too smooth, however, so it   37   from my hand as I let it go and headed   38   for a small window on the old lady’s back wall.

I was too scared about getting   39   that first night to be concerned about the old lady with the broken window. However, a few days later,   40   I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered, I started to feel   41   for her misfortune.

I made up my mind that I would   42   my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I   43   would cover the cost of her window. I put the money in an envelope with a(n)   44   explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would cover the   45   for repairing it.

I waited until it was dark, then put the envelope through the letter slot in her door.

The next day, I   46   the old lady her paper and was able to   47   the warm smile that I was   48   her. She thanked me for the paper and said,“Here, I have something for you.”It was a bag of cookies. I thanked her and ate the cookies as I   49   my route.

After several cookies, I   50   an envelope. When I opened the envelope, I was shocked. Inside was the seven dollars and a short note that said,“I’m proud of you.”

31.A.adviser        B.customer      C.assistant          D.neighbor

32.A.carefulness    B.cleverness    C.selfishness       D.forgiveness

33.A.throwing     B.kicking        C.picking           D.striking

34.A.by           B.under         C.from           D.around

35.A.dropped       B.rolled             C.flowed         D.fell

36.A.room         B.kitchen        C.yard            D.sky

37.A.skipped       B.stopped        C.stepped        D.slipped

38.A.straight        B.slow          C.right           D.fast

39.A.lost         B.trapped        C.caught          D.hurt

40.A.before         B.when         C.but             D.though

41.A.guilty          B.safe           C.anxious        D.nervous

42.A.borrow        B.move          C.transfer         D.save

43.A.used          B.calculated    C.chose           D.earned

44.A.book          B.article          C.note         D.notice

45.A.period         B.cost           C.size            D.distance

46.A.handed        B.sold           C.left          D.showed

47.A.witness        B.wear          C.return         D.bring

48.A.comparing to   B.playing with   C.learning about D.receiving from

49.A.continued    B.chose       C.followed     D.forgot

50.A.tore         B.marked         C.bought        D.felt