问题 实验题

为了探究燃烧的条件,我们设计如下实验

实验装置如上图所示,在250mL烧杯中,注入200mL热水,并投入一小块白磷,烧杯口盖上薄铜片,铜片一端放一小块已用滤纸吸干水的白磷,另一端放一小堆红磷(白磷着火点为40℃,红磷着火点为200℃)。不一会儿,观察到:

⑴铜片上的白磷燃烧起来,这是因为白磷具有_                ,温度达到_              __又与____       __接触。

⑵若铜片上的白磷量比较多,燃烧一段时间后,铜片上的红磷也会燃烧起来,为什么? 

                                                                                       

⑶ 若将烧杯上的铜片移走,并用一根玻璃导管对着水中的白磷吹入空气。你将观察到什么现象

                                                

⑷由上述实验可得物质燃烧条件如下图:在赤壁之战中,周瑜的军队点燃战船,熊熊燃烧的战船借助东风直冲曹军的木船,使曹军的木船燃起大火。其中曹军的木船是__                __,木船燃烧的条件是

__                    、___            ______。

答案

(1)可燃性;着火点;空气

(2)白磷燃烧时放出的热量,使铜片温度升高,使红磷的温度达到着火点,又与空气中的氧气接触,所以红磷也会烧起来

(3)白磷在水中燃烧

(4)可燃物;有充足的氧气;温度达到着火点

阅读理解

The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.

After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.

Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.

"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire. 

At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million    kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.

Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.

Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.

1. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to      during the 2012 Olympics.

A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch

B. the collapse of broadcasting systems

C. the transportation breakdown in London

D. the destruction of weather satellites

2. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?

A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.

B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.

C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.

D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.

3. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _________.

A. take images of the solar system         B. provide early warning of thunderstorms

C. keep track of solar activities            D. improve the communications on Earth

4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer

B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger

C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race

D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled

单项选择题