问题 材料分析题

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:世界人口最多的10个国家人口数量及自然增长率(据《2002年世界人口状况》)

材料二:美国国内曾出现过四次人口迁移的高潮。第一次是19世纪中期人口大规模西移;第二次是在19

              世纪和20世纪之交,人口由乡村大量流入城市;第三次是20世 纪加年代到60年代,南部人口迁

              往北部和西部;第四次是20世纪60年代末到70年代初,东北部人口大量迁往南部和西部地带,

              20世纪70年代以后,又出现人口向东北部和城市回流的现象。

材料三:2007年10月17日,美国人口总数达到3亿,有关国媒体将此乐观地称作“一个新的里程碑”,一

              些评论家认为,美国人口突破三亿大关象征着美国比欧洲和日本等发达国家经济上更具活力。

(1)材料一所述国家中,人口再生产类型属现代型的有几个?中国和俄罗斯人口问题的主要表现分别是

         什么? 

     ________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)美国国内第二次和第四次人口迁移高潮的原因分别是什么?为什么20世纪70年代以后,又出现人口

         向东北部和城市回流的现象?

     ________________________________________________________________________________________

     ________________________________________________________________________________________

     ________________________________________________________________________________________

(3)一些评论家认为,美国人口突破三亿大关象征着美国比欧洲和日本等发达国家经济上更具活力。分

         析上述观点的主要依据。

     ________________________________________________________________________________________

     ________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)4个;

        主要表现:中国人口数量庞大,老龄化严重;俄罗斯人口负增长,劳动力资源不足,老龄化严重。

(2)第二次人口迁移高潮的原因:工业化和城市化的发展,促使人口大规模从乡村迁入城市。第四次人

         口迁移高潮的原因:随着工业化和城市化的发展,东北部老工业区环境污染严重;土地租金高;新

         兴的高新技术产业的发展对环境有更高要求;南部和西部气候温暖,环境清洁,有“阳光地带”之

         称。

         回流的原因:20世纪70年代以后,通过对城市环境的治理和老工业区的改造,城市环境得到改善,

         老工业区经济重现活力,出现了人口向城市和老工业区回流的现象。

(3)发达国家普遍面临人口增长缓慢,甚至负增长的问题,导致劳动力资源不足,影响和制约了经济的

         发展。美国人口的增长在一定程度上丰富了劳动力资源,增强了经济活力。

阅读理解

The French have special meal etiquette(礼仪). If you plan to go on holiday in France, why not read the following tips? They can make you feel good when you visit a French restaurant or are invited to a French house.

Breakfast in France

French meals are quite similar to those in the rest of the western world. The breakfast is lighter than elsewhere. Milky coffee or hot chocolate are also classics. Contrarily (相反地) to what happens in British(英国的) families.

Lunch in France

Lunch was traditionally(传统地) the main meal of the day in France, this is why the French still usually take more than one hour to have lunch. In big cities, lunch looks more like those in the UK or in the USA, being a sandwich or fast-food meal.

Dinner in France

In France, the dinner has become the main meal of the day over the last couple of years, as the lunch is now often made of a simple sandwich or salad.

The French dinner is made up with the starter, main dish, cheese often with salad or fruit, dessert and coffee.

小题1:Breakfast is not very important in ____________.

A. France       B. the UK       C. the USA     

小题2:Traditionally, __________ was the main meal of the day in France.

A. breakfast    B. lunch            C. dinner          

小题3:Why has the dinner become the main meal of the day now?

A. Because the French want to have more food.

B. Because the French have enough time at noon.

C. Because the lunch is often simple.

小题4:Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. French meals are similar to the rest of the western world.

B. Breakfast is more important in the UK than in France.

C. People eat fast-food meals in big cities in France.

小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How to make three meals

B. Three meals in France

C. Different kinds of food in France       

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