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问题 选择题

下表所列的哪一项是错误的（　　）

选项ABCD
花的部分结构受精卵子房壁胚珠子房
能发育成的结构胚乳果皮种子果实

A．A

B．B

C．C

D．D

答案

绿色开花植物完成受精作用后，只有子房继续发育．

从表格中可知受精卵发育成胚，受精极核发育成胚乳，子房壁发育成果皮，胚珠发育成种子，子房发育成果实．因此错误的是受精卵发育成胚乳．

故选A．

完形填空
Years ago I had the opportunity to meet a girl who strengthened my understanding of the power of belief. She was __36___ the most powerful individual I had ever met. I met Chris for the first time while taking the Dale Carnegie __37___ in California.
Our class had already been going for quite some time when ___38___, supported by metal crutches(拐杖), ___39__ herself in. Chris had cerebral palsy(大脑性麻痹). She had much ___40___ in communicating with others. This was not due to ___41___ of desire, but because most of her twenty-one years of life she had been kept in a room with no more than Elvis records and tapes to __42___ her. No one had taken the time to assist her in developing the ability to ___43___. It was Bonnie, her present caretaker, who ___44___ there was much more to Chris than anyone else could see.
When asked by the instructor what her goal ___45___ the twelve-week course was, Chris struggled to respond and became frustrated and ____46___ in the process. For most of her ___47___ nobody would listen to her. The only way she knew to get someone to ___48___ was through temper outbursts(发脾气). With Bonnie as her interpreter, Chris conveyed that her ___49___ was to be able to stand by herself in front of forty-five people and tell us about herself.
On the twelfth week, Chris stood in front of the room and ___50___ with us, in her own words, what her life had been like. It was one of the most beautiful and enlightening experiences I had ever ___51____. Though as a girl who had in many ways been ____52___, she believed that she could ___53___ more in her life and she did. And she also had the love and support of forty-five friends, who, just weeks before, had been ____54___ strangers.
What we all witnessed through Chris’ courage is that life is ____55___ moment by moment, based on our beliefs, which are relevant to both our personal and professional direction and have the power to make our wildest dreams come true.
小题1:
A．luckilyB．naturallyC．formallyD．probably
小题2:
A．breakB．courseC．houseD．chance
小题3:
A．someoneB．heC．herselfD．she
小题4:
A．ranB．rushedC．draggedD．jumped
小题5:
A．difficultyB．conceptC．disagreementD．suggestion
小题6:
A．lackB．needC．noticeD．cheer
小题7:
A．impressB．entertainC．calmD．annoy
小题8:
A．walkB．pronounceC．communicateD．write
小题9:
A．knewB．askedC．spokeD．required
小题10:
A．atB．forC．onD．in
小题11:
A．gratefulB．surprisedC．angryD．noisy
小题12:
A．wayB．processC．operationD．life
小题13:
A．watchB．smileC．listenD．understand
小题14:
A．classB．goalC．abilityD．reason
小题15:
A．beganB．agreedC．foundD．shared
小题16:
A．arguedB．attendedC．witnessedD．accepted
小题17:
A．found outB．thrown awayC．brought upD．held out
小题18:
A．giveB．accomplishC．spendD．accompany
小题19:
A．completeB．necessaryC．enoughD．typical
小题20:
A．calledB．carriedC．searchedD．created
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单项选择题

山兰凤蝶是澳大利亚的一种常见蝶，其雄性翅膀的颜色为异常亮丽的蓝色，但周边镶嵌有黑色，其黑色部分越黑，蓝色部分就越艳丽，在求偶竞争中也就越有优势。专家们以前认为，这是由于其中的黑色素吸收了大部分入射光所致。但现在发现，这种蝴蝶不只是通过化学方式，更是通过物理方式，即一种特别的光学手段来使其黑色部分显得更黑，[ ]它包含黑色素的微细鳞片结构能“捕捉”住光，[ ]创造出一种比黑色还黑的“超黑”。
许多动物的鲜艳色彩或伪装效果都不是仅用色素就能获得的，还需要利用物理方法。例如，雄性孔雀的尾羽翠绿绚丽，这是因为其中发生了“建设性光学干涉效应”所致，它们的羽毛中具有独特结构的微小蛋白质能够以特别的方式对光进行反射，不需要的波长都被消除掉了。
受此启发，英国埃克塞特大学的生物学家皮特·武库希奇及其同事对山兰凤蝶进行了研究，目的是探索它的机体结构物能否把彩色消除掉而制造出深黑色，这与孔雀制造出绚烂色彩是同样的机理，但导致的结果正相反。
研究者发现，山兰凤蝶翅膀中的微细鳞片结构是排列成许多直径不超过1微米的小凹坑，犹如蜂巢。这种结构能够最大限度地利用介质光折射率的不同而“捕捉”光。
光通过两种不同折射率的介质时，会发生折射和虚化现象，其中一些光会被“捕捉”在密度较大的介质中。水对空气的光折射率之比为1.3：1，而山兰凤蝶机体组织对空气的光折射率之比为1.6：1，这就使其中的色素能最大限度地吸收光。
研究者对这一推断做了一次测试。他们把山兰凤蝶的翅膀浸到三溴甲烷溶液中，该种溶液的光折射率与山兰凤蝶翅膀机体组织的光折射率大致相同，结果其翅膀中的黑色部分真不那么黑了；在空气中，其吸收光的比率超过了90%，但在三溴甲烷溶液中，这一数字只有50%多一点。
英国国家物理实验室的化学工程师理查德·布朗在2002年曾用一种凹状镍磷合金膜衣料制造出与山兰凤蝶相似的“超黑”。他认为“超黑”将成为今后的流行色，其最大的用途将是在光学设备上；同时，那些对黑颜色不满意的艺术家们也会对此感兴趣。

下列围绕“超黑”所作的表述，与文意不符的一项是( )。

A．在求偶竞争中，山兰凤蝶依靠翅膀周边镶嵌的“超黑”色彩，能够更有效地吸引异性蝴蝶

B．以前专家认为，“超黑”是由于山兰凤蝶翅膀中的黑色素吸收了大部分入射光所致。这种看法不够确切

C．山兰凤蝶主要是通过物理方式—一种特别的光学手段—来使其黑色部分变成“超黑”

D．山兰凤蝶翅膀中包含黑色素的微细鳞片结构能“捕捉”住光，因而能够创造出一种比黑色还黑的“超黑”
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