问题 填空题

A、B、C、D、E五种短周期主族元素,原子序数依次增大。A原子的核外电子数等于最外层电子数;B原子的最外层电子数是次外层电子数的2倍;C原子的M层电子数与L层电子数相差7;D原子的最外层电子数是A、B、C三原子的最外层电子数之和。回答下列问题。

(1)元素B在周期表中的位置为第        周期         族;元素D简单离子的结构示意图为                      

(2)元素C、D简单离子的半径由大到小的顺序为(用离子符号表示)             

(3)元素B可形成离子BH3-,下列与其具有相同电子数和质子数的微粒是       

A.NH4+         B.OH-          C.F-         D.HS-

(4)元素A、C组成化合物甲CA,甲能与水反应产生一种强碱和一种气体,该反应的化学方程式为                                                    

(5)A元素有aA、a+1A、a+2A三种同位素,E元素有eE、e+2E两种同位素,二者所形成分子的相对分子质量有          种。

答案

(13分)

(1)二(1分);ⅣA(1分);(2分)

(2)S2- > Na+(2分)

(3)B C(2分)

(4)NaH + H2O =" NaOH" + H2↑(3分)

(5)5(2分)

题目分析:A原子的核外电子数等于最外层电子数,A为H元素;B原子的最外层电子数是次外层电子数的2倍,B为C元素;C原子的M层电子数与L层电子数相差7,C为Na元素;D原子的最外层电子数是A、B、C三原子的最外层电子数之和,D为S元素;E为Cl元素。

(1)B为C元素,在周期表中的位置为第二周期ⅣA族。D为S元素,原子序数是16,得到2个电子达到稳定结构,离子的结构示意图为

(2)C为Na元素,易失去一个电子达到稳定结构,电子层为2层,D为S元素,易得到2个电子达到稳定结构,电子层为3层,离子半径大小即S2- > Na+

(3)注意离子电子数的计算,阴离子是得到电子而形成的,带负电荷,阳离子是原子失去电子而形成的,带正电荷。得失电子数等于其电荷数。

(4)A为H元素,C为Na元素,即CA为NaH,结合题中所给出的信息,方程式为NaH + H2O =" NaOH" + H2↑。

点评:以原子结构与位置关系为载体,考查化学用语、物质结构、半径比较等,难度中等,推断元素是解题关键,是对所学知识的综合运用,注意基础知识的理解掌握。

完形填空
完形填空。
     Sometimes, I doubted if there was any love between my parents. Every day they were   1   earning money.
They didn't   2   in the romantic  13  that I read in books. For them, "I love you" was too luxurious (奢侈)
When he was  14  working, my father had a bad temper.
     One day, my mother was  15  a quilt. I sat beside her and looked at her. "Mom, I have a question to ask
you," I said.
     " 16  is it?" she replied.
     "Is there any love between you and Dad?" I asked  17 . My mother stopped her work and raised her head
with  18  in her eyes. She didn't answer immediately.  19  she continued her work.
     I was very  20  because I thought I had  21  her. But at last, my mother said  22 , "Susan, look at this thread.
Sometimes it is  23 , but most of it disappears into the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong. If life is a
  24 , then love should be a thread. It can hardly be  25  anywhere, but it's really there. Love is inside." I listened
carefully but I didn't  26  her until the next spring when my father became seriously ill. My mother had to stay
with him in the hospital for a month.
     After they were back, every day in the morning, my mother  27  my father to walk slowly along the country
road. My father had never been so gentle. The doctor had said my father would  28  in two months. But after
two months he still couldn't walk by himself.
     "Dad, how are you feeling now?" I asked him one day.
     "Susan, don't worry about me," he said gently. "To tell you the truth, I just like  29  with your mom."
Reading his eyes, I knew he  30  my mother a lot.
( )1. A. interested in
( )2. A. act         
( )3. A. times       
( )4. A. back from   
( )5. A. washing     
( )6. A. How          
( )7. A. immediately 
( )8. A. sorrow      
( )9. A. But          
( )10. A. sorry        
( )11. A. interested  
( )12. A. clearly     
( )13. A. inside       
( )14. A. thread      
( )15. A. seen        
( )16. A. misunderstand
( )17. A. asked        
( )18. A. recover     
( )19. A. living      
( ) 20. A. loved       
B. busy in    
B. work       
B. spaces     
B. late for   
B. sewing     
B. Why         
B. carefully   
B. fear       
B. Then        
B. anxious     
B. embarrassed
B. sadly      
B. visible     
B. quilt      
B. felt       
B. understand     
B. sent        
B. walk       
B. staying    
B. understood 
C. devoted to    
C. live           
C. ways          
C. kept from     
C. spreading     
C. Where          
C. in a low voice
C. excitement    
C. Therefore      
C. sad            
C. puzzled       
C. attentively   
C. short          
C. family        
C. kept          
C. complain of      
C. helped         
C. work          
C. being busy    
C. admired       
D. used to           
D. speak             
D. thoughts          
D. tired from        
D. folding up        
D. What               
D. in a romantic tune          
D. surprise          
D. Thus               
D. terrified          
D. troubled         
D. thoughtfully      
D. long               
D. home              
D. got               
D. agree with        
D. supported          
D. satisfy           
D. walking           
D. depended on       
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