问题 填空题

下表为元素周期表的一部分,abc…为元素周期表中前4周期的部分元素。

回答下列问题:

a  
     efg 
 b    hh   
c      d[d        
(1)d3的未成对电子数为     个;

(2)请比较e、f、g三种元素的第一电离能由大到小的顺序    (写元素符号)

(3)请写出h元素原子价电子轨道表示式                     

(4)ea3分子的电子式是       ,其分子的空间构型是       ,分子中e原子的杂化类型是      

答案

(每空2分)(1)  5 (2)        F>N>O (3)

(4)(每空1分),三角锥 , sp3

题目分析:根据元素在周期表中的相对位置可知,a是H,b是Mg,c是K,d是Fe,e是N,f是O,g是F,h是P。

(1)根据铁离子的核外电子排布式可知,d3的未成对电子数为5个。

(2)非金属越强,第一电离能越大。但由于氮元素的2p轨道电子分别处于半充满状态,稳定性强,第一电离能大于氧元素的,即电负性是F>N>O。

(3)根据构造原理可知,P元素原子价电子轨道表示式为

(4)氨气分子中氮原子含有1对孤对电子,所以是三角锥形结构,氮原子是sp3杂化,其电子式是

点评:该题是高考中的常见考点,属于基础性试题的考查。试题综合性强,难易适中,侧重对学生基础知识的巩固和训练,有利于培养学生的逻辑推理和抽象思维能力。本题主要是元素“位、构、性”三者关系的综合考查,比较全面考查学生有关元素推断知识和灵活运用知识的能力,考查了学生对物质结构与性质关系以及运用元素周期律解决具体化学问题的能力。

阅读理解与欣赏
阅读理解

III.阅读(共两节,满分40分)

第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题号上将该项涂黑。

Living an Adventurous Life

Nearly ten years ago, I was told that I had a brain tumor (瘤), and this experience changed my attitude about adventure forever. I thought that I was going to die and that all my adventures were over. I did not have a brain tumor, it turned out, but rather multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化症), which meant that, although they were not over,the nature of my adventures could have to change.

Each morning that I wake up is a fresh event, something that I might not have

had. Each gesture that I make carries the weight of uncertainty and demands significant attention: buttoning my shirt, changing a light bulb, walking down stairs. I might not be able to do it this time. If I could not delight in them, they would likely drown me in anger and in self-pity.

I admire the grand adventures of others. I read about them with interest. With Peter Matthiessen I have hiked across the Himalayas to the Crystal Mountain. I have walked with Annie Dillard up, down, into, and across Tinker Creek in all Seasons. David Bain has gone with me along 110 miles of Philippine coast, and Ed Abbey has

rowed me down the Colorado River, I enjoy the adventures of these courageous figures, who can strike out on difficult trips - 2 miles, 250 miles, 3000 miles - ready to bear cold and tiredness - indeed not just to bear but to celebrate.

But as for me, I can no longer walk very far from the armchair in which I read. Some days I don't even make it to the backyard. And yet I'm unwilling to give up the adventurous life, the difficulty of it, even the pain, the anxiety and fear, aud the sudden brief lift of spirit that makes a hard journey more attractive.

I refine adventure, make it smaller and smaller. And now, whether I am moving on my hands and knees across the dining room to help my cat, lying wide-eyed in the dark battling another period of sadness, gathering flowers from the garden, meeting a friend for lunch, I am always having the adventures that are mine to have.

41. What happens to the author after her illness?

A. She has a fear of medical treatments.    B. She travels to places she has dreamed.

C. She can't take care of herself any longer   D. She is not drowned in anger and self-pity.

42. Why does the author admire the people mentioned in paragraph 3?

A. Because they write popular novels.    B. Because they are great adventurers.

C. Because they are famous geographers.   D. Because they struggle with hardship in life

43. The author ends the article with a feeling of______

A. sadness      B. sacrifice       C. security      D. satisfaction

44. What does "adventurous life" in the title mean to the author?

A. The struggles of great people against difficulties.

B. Her concern about giving up certain activities.

C. Her adapting to the situation with an illness.

D. The exciting traveling experience of others.

45. What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A. Travel can enrich a person's life.

B. Reading is an activity that a patient enjoys most.

C. A positive attitude can improve a difficult situation.

D. A person's ability can be improved through reading.