问题 问答题

试论述我国古代图书分类法的演变。

答案

参考答案:我国古代图书分类的正式出现以刘歆的《七略》为标志,至清代《四库全书总目》成熟。主要的分类方法有六分法、四分法和十二分法。 (1)六分法。刘歆的《七略》创立了我国第一个图书分类体系——六分法。《七略》包括“辑略、六艺略、诸子略、诗赋略、兵书略、术数略、方技略”。“辑略”是刘向写的一篇提要,总括了先秦学术思想的源流演变和当时图书事业的发展。其余的六个部分相当于今天图书分类的大类。 (2)四分法。魏郑默作《中经》,开创了四分法。西晋荀勖依据《中经》,编成《中经新簿》,将图书分为甲、乙、丙、丁四部。《隋书经籍志》正式确定了四分法及经、史、子、集的部类名称。这是我国现存的第一二部系统的综合性的分类目录。此后,四分法在我国图书分类史上占据了统治地位,到清代编制《四库全书》时,四分法更为完善。 (3)十二分法。郑樵是我国宋代著名的史学家、目录学家等。郑樵的《通志艺文略》分类体系如下:经类、礼类、乐类、小学类、史类、诸子类、星数类、五行类、艺术类、医方类、类书类、文类。类下再分家,家下再分种,一共12类100家422种。十二分法在四分法的基础上演绎而来,但郑樵首创了三级(类、家、种)分类体例。

阅读理解

Cats are the most popular pets among Americans. So it is not surprising there are many expressions about cats. Do you know any of them? Now let me introduce some to you.

Some cats like to catch small birds, like canaries. If someone looks very proud or satisfied with himself, we say he looks like the cat that ate the canary.

Sometimes, a cat likes to play with a small animal it catches. So if you play cat and mouse with someone, you change between different kinds of behavior when dealing with another person. For example, a child might offer something sweet to her little brother, and then take it away when reaches for it.

A cat will often catch a small animal and present it to its owner. The saying that looks like something the cat dragged in describes something in bad condition.

A fat cat is a person with a lot of money.

There are many other expressions about cats in America. How interesting! Which kind of cat are you, or which kind would you like to be?

小题1:Americans like ________ best as pets.

A.dogs

B.pigs

C.cats

D.mice小题2:The canary is a kind of ________.

A.dog

B.cat

C.bird

D.fish小题3: If you have much money, we can call you ________.

A.a fat cat

B.a happy cat

C.a thin cat

D.a sad cat小题4:If someone always thinks highly of himself, we can say _________.

A.he plays cat and mouse with someone

B.he looks like the cat that ate the canary

C.he is a lazy cat

D.he has dragged in something小题5:The passage introduces us ________ expressions about cat.

A.one

B.two

C.three

D.four

判断题