问题 填空题

(6分)W、X、Y、Z是原子序数依次增大的同一短周期元素,W、X是金属元素,Y、Z是非金属元素。

(1)W、X各自的最高价氧化物对应的水化物可以反应生成盐和水,该反应的离子方程式是                                                               

(2)Y 的低价氧化物通入Z单质的水溶液中,发生的化学反应方程式是    

(3)比较Y、Z气态氢化物的稳定性                           (用化学式表示)。

(4)W、X、Y、Z四种元素简单离子的离子半径由大到小的顺序是            

(用离子符号表示)。

答案

(1)Al(OH)3+OH=AlO2+2H2O  (2)SO2+Cl2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl

(3)HCl>H2S    (4)S2>Cl>Na>Al3

题目分析:(1)W、X各自的最高价氧化物对应的水化物可以反应生成盐和水,这说明该金属一定是钠和铝,则该反应的离子方程式是Al(OH)3+OH=AlO2+2H2O。

(2)Y 的低价氧化物通入Z单质的水溶液中能发生反应,这说明应该是S和Cl两种元素,所以发生的化学反应方程式是SO2+Cl2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl。

(3)非金属性越强,氢化物的稳定性越强,氯元素的非金属性强于S元素的,所以稳定性是HCl>H2S。

(4)在一般情况下,电子层数越多,离子半径越大,又因为在核外电子排布相同的条件下,离子半径随原子序数的增大而减小,所以四种元素简单离子的离子半径由大到小的顺序是S2>Cl>Na>Al3

点评:该题是高考中的常见考点,属于中等难度的试题。试题基础性强,侧重对学生基础知识的巩固与训练,有助于培养学生的逻辑推理能力。该题以“周期表中元素的推断”为载体,考查学生对元素周期表的熟悉程度及其对表中各元素性质和相应原子结构的周期性递变规律的认识和掌握程度。

单项选择题

A variety of illegal acts committed by people in the course of their employment, for their own personal gain, are collectively known as white-collar crime. Embezzlement, theft and trading securities (1) insider information are common forms of white-collar crime. The majority of cases involve low-level employees who steal because they are under (2) financial stress. Many plan to (3) the money back as soon as possible but may never do so. Their crimes are usually never (4) because the amounts of money are small, and no one notices the (5) .

(6) , there are some very large cases of white-collar crime, such as multimillion-dollar stock market or banking seams that take years to discover and are extremely difficult and expensive to (7) .

White-collar crime is not (8) to the business sector. Government employment, especially (9) the city level, also provides opportunities to (10) one’s pockets. (11) , building inspectors accept bribes and full-time employees receive (12) payments.

Although white-collar crime is less (13) than street crime, it involves (14) more money and harm to the public than crimes committed by street criminals. It is (15) that there are more criminals (16) the office suites than in the streets, yet the (17) of white-collar makes it difficult to uncover the offenses and pursue the offenders. As the economy (18) from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce, opportunities for white-collar crime (19) , while the technology needed to stop such crimes will (20) .

5()

A.loss

B.shortage

C.deficiency

D.deficit

单项选择题