问题 解答题

请将下面观点选项填入相应人物后面的括号内

①我们的祖先相信…______;

②古埃及人相信…______;

③海尔蒙特提出…______;

④牛顿认为…______;

⑤意大利医生弗朗西斯科•雷迪相信…______;

⑥进化论者认为…______.

A.尼罗河的蛙和鳝鱼都是淤泥经白光照射产生的

B.“腐草化萤”.“腐肉生蛆”

C.将谷糠和破布塞入瓶中置于暗橱内,2l天后会生出小鼠

D.植物是由彗星尾巴形成的

E.蛆是由苍蝇的卵孵化成的

F.在原始地球条件下,有机物小分子的形成是生命发生的开端.

答案

原始的生命是从哪里来的?这个问题的实质是生物如何从无生命的物质发展而来的问题.

历史上关于生命的起源问题有多种臆测和假说,也有很多争论.一个假说是“神创论”,它把生命起源这一科学命题划入神学领域,因而是不科学的.

第二个假说是自然发生说.这是 19世纪前广泛流传的理论,认为生命是从无生命物质自然发生的.古代中国人相信“腐草化为萤”(即萤火虫是从腐草堆中产生的),腐肉生蛆等;埃及人认为尼罗河谷的蛙和鳝鱼是淤泥经日光照射而产生的.在西方,亚里士多德(公元前384-公元前322)就是一个自然发生论者,他甚至还编制了一个能够从无生命的物质中自然发生的物种名录.例如,他认为腐烂尸体和排泄物能产生绦虫,粘液能产生蟹、鱼、蛙和蝾螈等.中世纪的西方虽然神创论占了统治地位,但自然发生学说仍大有发展.例如,“鹅树学说”认为针叶树的树脂和海水的盐分结合可生出鹅和鸭,因而鹅、鸭肉曾一度被划为素食.17世纪荷兰人海尔蒙特在光合作用的研究中虽然有所贡献,但对于生命起源问题却主张自然发生说.他还用“实验”证明,将谷粒、破旧衬衫塞入瓶中,静置于暗处,21d后就会产生老鼠,并且使他十分惊讶的是,这种“自然”发生的老鼠竟和常见的老鼠完全相同.J.van nelmont的实验没有排除老鼠从外界进入的可能性,他们的结果显然是错误的.

17世纪意大利医生 弗朗西斯科•雷迪(Francesco Redi)第一次用实验证明腐肉不能生蛆,蛆是苍蝇在肉上产的卵孵化而成的

第三个假说是宇生论.这一学说认为地球上的生命来自宇宙间其他星球,某些微生物孢子可以附着在星际尘埃颗粒上而落入地球,从而使地球有了初始的生命.牛顿认为植物是由彗星尾巴形成的.

进化论者根据地球形成的条件认为在原始地球条件下,有机物小分子的形成是生命发生的开端.累积在原始海洋之后,才能导致生命的出现.

故答案为:(1)B (2)A (3)C (4)D (5)E (6)F

阅读理解

Janel gave her 13-year-old son Jim an iPhone for Christmas. But she also had a contract (契约)about how Jim’s new toy can and can’t be used.

Contract

Rule 1: It is my phone. I bought it. I pay for it. I am lending it to you. Aren’t I the greatest?

Rule 2: If it rings, answer it. It is a phone. Say “hello”, use your manners.

Rule 3: Hand the phone to one of your parents at 7:30p.m. every school night & every weekend night at 9:00 p.m.. It will be shut off for the night and turned on again at 7:30a.m..

Rule 4: Turn it off, silence it, put it away in public. Especially in a restaurant, at the movies, or while speaking with another people. You are not a rude person, do not allow the iPhone to change that.

Rule 5: Leave your phone home sometimes and feel safe. It is not all for you. Learn to live without it. Be bigger and more powerful than it.

Rule 6: Don’t take too many pictures and videos. There is no need to record everything. They will be stored in your memory for ever.

Rule 7: If it falls into the toilet, breaks on the ground, or lose, you should pay for it. You can take care of the baby, and wash dishes to save some money.

I hope you can agree to these terms and enjoy your new iPhone.

Mom

小题1:From the contract, who is the real owner of the iPhone?

A.Jim

B.Jim’s parents

C.Janel

D.Jim’s father小题2: From Rule 2 & Rule 4, we know mom hoped Jim can __________.

A.be a person with good manners

B.say hello

C.speak with another people

D.answer the phone小题3: Can Jim use his iPhone at 8:00 p.m. on Saturday evening?

A.Yes, he can.

B.No, he can’t.

C.We don’t know.

D.If he finishes his homework, he can use it.小题4: What does the underlined word “stored” mean in Chinese?

A.储存

B.供给

C.消除

D.取代小题5:The best title of the passage should be ‘‘____________”.

A.A Christmas Present

B.Jim’s iPhone Contract

C.How to use an iPhone

D.Enjoy Your New iPhone

选择题