问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

如长期应用呋塞米易导致()

A.代谢性酸中毒

B.呼吸性酸中毒

C.呼吸性碱中毒

D.低氯性碱中毒

E.低氯性酸中毒

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

呋塞米主要通过抑制肾小管髓袢厚壁段对NaCl的主动重吸收,结果管腔液Na+、Cl-浓度升高,而髓质间液Na+、Cl-浓度降低,使渗透压梯度差降低,肾小管浓缩功能下降,从而导致水、Na+、Cl-排泄增多。由于Na+重吸收减少,远端小管Na+浓度升高。至于呋塞米抑制肾小管髓袢升支厚壁段重吸收Cl-的机制,认为该部位存在氯泵,研究表明该部位基底膜外侧存在与Na+-K+-ATP酶有关的Na+、Cl-配对转运系统,呋塞米通过抑制该系统功能而减少Na+、Cl-的重吸收。同时呋塞米不是保钾利尿剂,它在利尿的同时会使钾也大量排出,长期使用会使血钾降低,机体为了维持电解质的平衡就会使红细胞内的钾离子流到血液中,同时血液中的氢离子流入红细胞,从而使血液中的氢离子浓度降低,也就是碱中毒,所以长期应用呋塞米易导致低氯性碱中毒,故答案应选D。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解

Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.

Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.

“It seems that positive(积极的) feelings may reduce (减少)the danger of illness,” said the study’s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.

In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.

In this study, Cohen’s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.

The results showed that everyone in the study was equally(相等地) likely to get ill. Buy for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.

Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.

小题1: What did the study find?

A.People who felt happy never got ill.

B.People’s feelings didn’t influence their health.

C.People with good feelings became ill more easily.

D.People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.小题2:According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?

A.Eating.

B.Crying.

C.Laughing.

D.Sleeping.小题3:This passage is a/an          .

A.advertisement

B.newspaper report

C.story

D.scientist’s diary小题4:What is the best title for this passage?

A.Smiles can fight colds

B.Cause of colds found

C.The danger of colds

D.How people get sick