问题 单项选择题 B型题

患者男,70岁,重度肺气肿,胃大部切除术后胸片示双肺肺炎,pH7.32,可诊断为()

A.代谢性酸中毒

B.呼吸性酸中毒

C.代谢性碱中毒

D.呼吸性碱中毒

E.高钾血症

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

1.呼吸性酸中毒系指肺泡通气及换气功能减弱,不能充分排出体内生成的CO2,以致血液PaCO2增高,引起高碳酸血症。常见原因有:全身麻醉过深、镇静剂过量、中枢神经系统损伤、气胸、急性肺水肿和呼吸机使用不当等。故答案应选B。

2.代谢性酸中毒,由于酸性物质的积聚或产生过多,或HCO-3丢失过多,可引起代谢性酸中毒。碱性物质丢失过多见于腹泻、肠瘘、胆瘘和胰瘘等,经粪便、消化液大量丢失HCO-3。故答案应选A。

3.血清钾高于5.5mmol/L的现象主要引起神经、肌肉及心脏的症状、心电图有典型改变。心电图表现为Q-T间期缩短,T波高尖、对称,基底狭窄而呈帐篷状。故答案应选E。

判断题

Passage 1In order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. Many firms need to order components or equipment to their own specifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. Firms need reliable suppliers who must be:Stable. Firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. Thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.Able. The purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. This may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. Some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. Trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.Clear. What is required will usually be made clear in a specification. The specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. The supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.An important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. By using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. And delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. Arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. The suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too.

A “clear” supplying firm must initially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exact technical detail. ( )

单项选择题