问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文章,回答问题。

送东阳马生序

宋濂

  余幼时即嗜学。家贫,无从致书以观,每假借于藏书之家,手自笔录,计日以还。天大寒,砚冰坚,手指不可屈伸,弗之怠。录毕,走送之,不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。既加冠,益慕圣贤之道,又患无砚师名人与游,尝趋百里外从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊,门人弟子填其室,未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请;或遇其叱咄,色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复;俟其欣悦,则又请焉。故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。当余之从师也,负箧曳屣,行深山巨谷中,穷冬烈风,大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂而不知。至舍,四支僵劲不能动,媵人持汤沃灌,以衾拥覆,久而乃和。寓逆旅主人,日再食,无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣,戴朱缨宝饰之帽,腰白玉之环,左佩刀,右备容臭,烨然若神人;余则缊袍敝衣处其间,略无慕艳意,以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之勤且艰若此。

  今诸生学于太学,县官日有廪稍之供,父母岁有裘葛之遗,无冻馁之患矣;坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》,无奔走之劳矣;有司业、博士为之师,未有问而不告,求而不得者也;凡所宜有之书皆集于此,不必若余之手录,假诸人而后见也。其业有不精,德有不成者,非天质之卑,则心不若余之专耳,岂他人之过哉?

  东阳马生君则在太学已二年,流辈甚称其贤。余朝京师,生以乡人子谒余,撰长书以为贽,辞甚畅达,与之论辨,言和而色夷。自谓少时用心于学甚劳。是可谓善学者矣!其将归见其亲也,余故道为学之难以告之。

1.对下面语句中加粗的词解释不正确的一项是( )

A.门人弟子其室(塞满,充满)

B.四僵劲不能动(肢体)

C.右备容(臭味)

D.同舍生皆绮绣(穿)

2.下列句子中加粗的“以”与“以中有足乐者”中的“以”意思和用相同的一项是( )

A.衾拥覆,久而乃和

B.无从致书

C.塞忠谏之路也

D.其境过清

3.下面对选文内容理解不正确的一项是( )

A.选文第一段讲述了作者年少时求学之艰难和用心之诚恳专一。

B.选文第二段中“坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》”与第一段“行深山巨谷中”去求学形成对比。

C.选文最后说“余故道为学之难以告之”,是为了进一步勉励马君则更加刻苦向学,实际上也是向更多的年轻人进行告诫。

D.本文主旨在劝学,写法上叙议结合,主要采用议论方式,直接表明观点,收到了很好的说理效果。

4.用现代汉语写出下面文言语句的大意。

(1)又患无砚师名人与游。

译文:______________________________________________________

(2)盖余之勤且艰若此。

译文:______________________________________________________

5.选文多次提到太学生学习条件优越,其用意是什么?

答: ______________________________________________________

答案

1.C

2.D

3.D

4.(1)又苦于没有大师、名人交游,(向他们请教)。

(2)我求学时辛勤艰苦的情况大体就是这样。

5.业有所精,德有所成,关键在于用心专一。(用原文“其业有不精,德有不成者,非天质之卑,则心不若余之专耳,岂他人之过哉?”回答亦可)

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     I have spent years of my life traveling all over the world. When I arrive in a new country or city, usually
I am very   1   and go to bed early. For this   2   my first day or night in any new place is always quiet and
very   3    happens.   4   my first night in Algeciras was very different. This night was very   5   and unusual.
     At that time   6   in Southern Spain was a dirty and   7   looked-after city. I arrived late in the evening by   8  . As soon as I got off the boat, I went to look for a   9  . I found a small hotel not far from the boat.
     This hotel looked  10  and untidy from the outside. But I was very tired and did not know my  11  around
the city of Algeciras. And so I decided to stay in this  12  hotel on the quay (码头). I also decided to stay in
this hotel for another  13 . The moon was full and it was a clear,  14  night. From the hotel I could  15  the
sea. I could see the huge rock of Gibraltar in the bright moonlight.
     The hotel had a narrow  16  and no name. When I went through this doorway, I had to climb up narrow
and dark stairs to the first floor. I  17  a small cupboard with a desk in front of it. This was the hotel office.
     An untidy and tired woman was sitting beside the  18 . When I said I wanted a room for the night, she
took me  19  some more stairs to a room on the second floor. Inside this room the landlord was sitting playing
cards with some friends. He was  20  his game of cards and I was simply a nuisance (讨厌的人). He looked
at me when the woman told him that I wanted a room. Then he said, Room Five, and turned back to his game
of cards.
( )1. A. frightened      
( )2. A. choice           
( )3. A. much          
( )4. A. So             
( )5. A. ordinary         
( )6. A. Gibraltar       
( )7. A. badly            
( )8. A. bus              
( )9. A. guide            
( )10. A. clean            
( )11. A. friend           
( )12. A. small          
( )13. A. reason           
( )14. A. dark             
( )15. A. look down at       
( )16. A. bedroom         
( )17. A. came to          
( )18. A. cupboard        
( )19. A. over             
( )20. A. tired of        
B. excited         
B. reason            
B. little            
B. Because           
B. common           
B. Algeciras         
B. well           
B. boat              
B. driver            
B. dirty             
B. address           
B. large             
B. person            
B. cloudy            
B. praise            
B. doorway           
B. picked up         
B. office            
B. down              
B. enjoying          
C. tired       
C. aim          
C. few          
C. And         
C. forgetful   
C. Madrid      
C. wrongly     
C. plane       
C. hotel      
C. beautiful   
C. charge      
C. expensive          
C. memory       
C. bright      
C. study       
C. stairs      
C. painted     
C. desk       
C. up          
C. throwing    
D. satisfied       
D. journey         
D. many            
D. But             
D. strange         
D. New Delhi       
D. good            
D. train           
D. dinner          
D. interesting     
D. way             
D. funny-looking                           
D. sight-seeing    
D. sunny           
D. forget          
D. bulletin-board  
D. escaped from    
D. doorway         
D. under           
D. buying          
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