问题 阅读理解与欣赏

答吕翌山人书

韩愈

  愈白:惠书责以不能如信陵执辔者。夫信陵,战国公子,欲以取士声势倾天下而然耳。如仆者,自度若世无孔子,不当在弟子之列。以吾子始自山出,有朴茂之美意,恐未砻磨以世事。又自周后文弊,百子为书,各自名家,乱圣人之宗,后生习传,杂而不贯,故设问以观吾子。其已成熟乎,将以为友也;其未成熟乎,将以讲去其非而趋是耳。不如六国公子有市于道者也。

  方今天下入仕,惟以进士、明经及及卿大夫之世耳。其人率皆习熟时俗,工于语言,识形势,善候人主意。故天下靡靡,日入于衰坏,恐不复振起。务欲进足下趋死不顾利害去就之人于朝,以争救之耳;非谓当今公卿间无足下辈文学知识也。不得以信陵比。

  然足下衣破衣,系麻鞋,率然叩吾门;吾待足下,虽未尽宾主之道,不可谓无意者。足下行天下,得此于人益寡。乃遂能责不足于我,此真诚仆所汲汲求者。议虽未中节,其不肯阿曲以事人灼灼明矣。方将坐足下三浴而三熏之,听仆之所为,少安无躁。愈顿首。

1.对下列句子中加线词语的解释,不正确的一项是[ ]

A.又自周后文——弊:衰坏

B.各自家——名:作动词用,即“称”意思

C.于语言——工:擅长

D.将以讲去其非而趋耳——是:这样

2.下列各组句子中加线词的意义和用法相同的一组是[ ]

A.①吾子始自山出     ②其求思之深而无不在也

B.①已成熟乎       ②孰能讥之乎

C.①方将坐足下三浴三熏之 ②泉涓涓始流

D.①遂能责不足于我    ②今其智反不能及

3.对下列句子的理解,不正确的一项是[ ]

A.自度若世无孔子,不当在弟子之列:自我衡量如果世上没有孔子,就不应当有学生排列眼前。意为没有资格招收学生教授学业。

B.不如六国公子有市于道者也:我不能像六国时候那些贵族公子们那样把道义进行交易买卖。作者把自己与六国公子相比,强调自己交友收徒的目的在于传习圣人之道。

C.议虽未中节,其不肯阿曲以事人者灼灼明矣:吕翌的议论虽然不够恰当,然而能够指责自己的缺失,已可证明不是阿意曲从之流。为此,作者才打算善待他、举荐他。

D.务欲进足下趋死不顾利害去就之人于朝,以争救之耳:我想要极力引进您这样能够无所畏惧、不顾个人得失和仁途进退的人到朝廷上去,来进行斗争和补救时弊罢了。由此可见,作者十分欣赏那些拥有正直独立人格的人,希望他们能够改变官场钻营吹拍、随风靡倒的风气,来稳定时局。

4.下列对原文有关内容的赏析,不正确的一项是[ ]

A.这是写给吕翌山人的一封回信。山人,处在山野之人,指隐士。唐朝不做官的知识分子自称山人的甚多。然而这位吕翌山人想来还是渴望进入仕途的。从这封信中看,吕翌曾经去拜见过韩愈,当是有所求的。

B.韩愈在古文运动中是以乐于提携后进、团结同道著名的,曾和不少人建立师生关系。本文最后作者说要吕翌安心等待,意为准备好好地接待他、举荐他,更可见这种光明磊落的风度。

C.文中就吕翌的不正确看法进行深刻地分析,对腐败的社会风气进行了严厉的批判,大力地标举了正直独立的人格。义正词严而语气婉转恳切,反复抑扬而气势充沛。

D.文中对官场“善候入主意”虽然痛心疾首,但还是可见作者在屡经直言遭祸之后,锐气豪情大大衰减、大不如前。

5.把文言文阅读材料中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

 ①夫信陵,战国公子,欲以取士声势倾天下而然耳。

 译文:____________________________________________

 ②非谓当今公卿间是无足下辈文学知识也。

 译文:____________________________________________

6.用斜线(/)给下面的文言文断句。

  子 贡 问 师 与 商 也 孰 贤 子 曰 师  也 过 商 也 不 及 曰 然 则 师 愈 与 子 曰 过 犹 不 及。

答案

1.D

2.A

3.A

4.D

5.(1)①信陵君是战国时期的贵族公子,他不过想用获得贤士造成声势来使天下人倾倒他才这样做的啊。

   ②不是说当今官僚阶层之中没有像您这样文章、学问、知识和见解的人啊。

(2)子贡问/师与商也孰贤/子曰/师也过/商也不及/曰/然则师愈与/子曰/过犹不及。

单项选择题

Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so. And fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of over grown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in it sown way.

Firstly, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.

One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.

What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage()

A.To discuss different methods of pruning.

B.To introduce some common knowledge of pruning.

C.To explain how trees develop disease.

D.To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.

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